A Comprehensive Breath Plume Model for Disease Transmission via Expiratory Aerosols

Halloran, Siobhan K.; Wexler, Anthony S.; Ristenpart, William D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037088

Cited by 41 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One possible assumption is that is directly proportional to virus load:where is the virus load at time after infection and is some constant of proportionality. This assumption corresponds to the “flu like infection regime” in [53], and seems to be a reasonable approximation [54]–[57]. Definingas the total infectious virus during the infection (area under the curve), and substituting equations (12) and (11) into (9), we obtain as expression for the directly transmitted virus fitnessWhile a linear relationship between transmission and virus load, as described by equation (12), is plausible, it is certainly not the only possibility.…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Multi-scale Analysis of Influenza A Virus Fitness Trade-offs due to Temperature-dependent Virus Persistence

Handel

Brown

Stallknecht³

et al. 2013

PLoS Comput Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Successful replication within an infected host and successful transmission between hosts are key to the continued spread of most pathogens. Competing selection pressures exerted at these different scales can lead to evolutionary trade-offs between the determinants of fitness within and between hosts. Here, we examine such a trade-off in the context of influenza A viruses and the differential pressures exerted by temperature-dependent virus persistence. For a panel of avian influenza A virus strains, we find evidence for a trade-off between the persistence at high versus low temperatures. Combining a within-host model of influenza infection dynamics with a between-host transmission model, we study how such a trade-off affects virus fitness on the host population level. We show that conclusions regarding overall fitness are affected by the type of link assumed between the within- and between-host levels and the main route of transmission (direct or environmental). The relative importance of virulence and immune response mediated virus clearance are also found to influence the fitness impacts of virus persistence at low versus high temperatures. Based on our results, we predict that if transmission occurs mainly directly and scales linearly with virus load, and virulence or immune responses are negligible, the evolutionary pressure for influenza viruses to evolve toward good persistence at high within-host temperatures dominates. For all other scenarios, influenza viruses with good environmental persistence at low temperatures seem to be favored.

show abstract

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Multi-scale Analysis of Influenza A Virus Fitness Trade-offs due to Temperature-dependent Virus Persistence

Handel

Brown

Stallknecht³

et al. 2013

PLoS Comput Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To aid interpretation of model results and gain insight into the mechanisms of infection, previous studies have used linear regression and approximate solutions to the viral kinetic model (derived by [45]) to identify how different processes (e.g., virus infection, production, and clearance) contribute to viral load dynamics throughout the course of infection [5,16,18,19,22,26,29,32,36,40,45,46]. In the initial hours of infection, virus quickly infects cells or is cleared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Infection Model With Density Dependence Supports Biphasic Viral Decay

Smith

Moquin

Bernhauerová

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mathematical models that describe infection kinetics help elucidate the time scales, effectiveness, and mechanisms underlying viral growth and infection resolution. For influenza A virus (IAV) infections, the standard viral kinetic model has been used to investigate the effect of different IAV proteins, immune mechanisms, antiviral actions, and bacterial coinfection, among others. We sought to further define the kinetics of IAV infections by infecting mice with influenza A/PR8 and measuring viral loads with high frequency and precision over the course of infection. The data highlighted dynamics that were not previously noted, including viral titers that remain elevated for several days during mid-infection and a sharp 4-5 log 10 decline in virus within one day as the infection resolves. The standard viral kinetic model, which has been widely used within the field, could not capture these dynamics. Thus, we developed a new model that could simultaneously quantify the different phases of viral growth and decay with high accuracy. The model suggests that the slow and fast phases of virus decay are due to the clearance rate changing as the density of infected cells changes. To characterize this model, we fit the model to the viral load data, examined the parameter behavior, and connected the results and parameters to linear regression estimates. The resulting parameters and model dynamics revealed that the rate of viral clearance during resolution occurs 25 times faster than the clearance during mid-infection and that small decreases to this rate can significantly prolong the infection. This likely reflects the high efficiency of the adaptive immune response. The new model provides a well-characterized representation of IAV infection dynamics, is useful for analyzing and interpreting viral load dynamics in the absence of immunological data, and further insight into the regulation of viral control.

show abstract

“…The airborne transmission of fine and ultrafine particles in the environmental air is effective (Oberdorster et al, 2005;Halloran et al, 2012;Cowling et al, 2013), but the deposition of these particles in the respiratory tract (especially in upper airways) has the very low probability (very low deposition efficiencies) (Hinds, 1999;Oberdorster, Oberdorster and Oberdorster, 2005;Tellier, 2009;Hoppentocht et al, 2014;Jinxiang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Problem Of Delivery and Deposition Of Fine Airborne Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Why respiratory viruses or bacteria have the highest probability to be deposited in the respiratory tract in flu seasons

Ishmatov¹

2016

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: In this study the main aspects of influenza transmission via fine and ultrafine bioaerosols were considered. Here, we aimed to estimate the impact of the different environment conditions on the deposition rate of the infectious bioaerosols in the respiratory tract (RT). Background: The latest researches show the infected people generate the fine and ultrafine infectious bioaerosols with submicron particles/droplets (size below 1 µm). The airborne transmission of these particles/droplets in the environment is effective. It is considered the deposition of submicron particles in RT has very low probability. But most studies examined the deposition of the particles in RT under normal environmental conditions and did not paid attention to the different environmental factors. Methods: We review the problems of epidemiology of respiratory infections and aspects of airborne transmission/spread of infectious agents. We contrast these approaches with known data from next area: inhalation toxicology, respiratory drug delivery and physics of heat and mass transfer in the airways. Results: On the basis of these analyses, we propose the next main concepts: 1 Breathing cool air leads to the supersaturation of air in RT; 2 the air supersaturation leads to the intensive condensational growth(CG) of inhaled viruses or bacteria in RT; 3 CG leads to the intensive and dramatically growth of deposition rate of viruses or bacteria in RT. We have shown: a) Under normal conditions of inhaled air (T>20˚C; Relatively Humidity, RH=60%) there is no transition in supersaturated condition in RT and CG is insignificant and probability of virus deposition on epithelium of RT is low – no more than 20%. b) Breathing cool/cold air of T<+15˚C and RH of [30..60]% leads to the supersaturation in the airways and it can dramatically increase the deposition rate of inhaled bioaerosols in RT(up to 96%). c) With an increase in RH of inhaled air the supersaturation in RT occurs even at warm temperature of inhaled air (for inhaled air of T<20°C and RH>70% ; T<25°C and RH>90%). It also indicates the high deposition rate of bioaerosols in RT. Conclusion: Under specific environmental conditions (when flu seasons) the processes of supersaturation in the RT can be observed. These results indicate the high probability of virus deposition on epithelium of RT and correspond to influenza and seasonal respiratory infections in temperate and tropical climates. We believe the effect of supersaturation in the lungs can be the key to understanding of ‘the age-old epidemiologic mystery of influenza seasonality in the different climatic conditions.’

show abstract

A Comprehensive Breath Plume Model for Disease Transmission via Expiratory Aerosols

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

A Multi-scale Analysis of Influenza A Virus Fitness Trade-offs due to Temperature-dependent Virus Persistence

A Multi-scale Analysis of Influenza A Virus Fitness Trade-offs due to Temperature-dependent Virus Persistence

Influenza Virus Infection Model With Density Dependence Supports Biphasic Viral Decay

Why respiratory viruses or bacteria have the highest probability to be deposited in the respiratory tract in flu seasons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About