A Comprehensive Coding System to Measure the Quality of School Wellness Policies

Schwartz, Marlene B.; Lund, Anne E.; Grow, H. Mollie; McDonnell, Elaine; Probart, Claudia; Samuelson, Anne; Lytle, Leslie A.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.04.008

Cited by 92 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…23 Coding agreement was high (ranging from 94% to 97%), and discrepancies were resolved through discussion among the coders and the lead author. The original PE time policy coding schemes ranged from a strong policy that met the National Association for Sport and Physical Education recommendation of 150 minutes of PE per week (ES) and 225 minutes of PE per week (MS) (level 2 code), 24 a lesser requirement or only a suggested time standard (level 1 code), to no law/policy (level 0 code).…”

Section: Analytic Variables Policy Predictors (Independent Variables)mentioning

confidence: 99%

State and District Policy Influences on District-Wide Elementary and Middle School Physical Education Practices

Chriqui¹,

Eyler

Carnoske

et al. 2013

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Section: Analytic Variables Policy Predictors (Independent Variables)mentioning

confidence: 99%

State and District Policy Influences on District-Wide Elementary and Middle School Physical Education Practices

Chriqui¹,

Eyler

Carnoske

et al. 2013

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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“…This review shows the lack of consistency when reporting on measurement properties of such tools, with 7 studies out of 11 reporting both validity and reliability properties of environmental characteristics audit tools, and 4 studies reporting on either validity or reliability properties of such tools. For example, Kim et al, 23 and Schwartz et al, 22 reported only the reliability of the CHLI and the WellSAT tools, respectively. Henderson et al, 12 reported on only the validity of their newly developed tool.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and healthy eating environmental audit tools in youth care settings: A systematic review

Ajja

Beets

Chandler

et al. 2015

Preventive Medicine

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Background There is a growing interest in evaluating the physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) policy and practice environment characteristics in settings frequented by youth (≤18 years). Objective This review evaluates the measurement properties of audit tools designed to assess PA and HE policy and practice environmental characteristics in settings that care for youth (e.g., childcare, school, afterschool, summer camp). Method Three electronic databases, reference lists, educational department and national health organizations’ web pages were searched between January 1980 and February 2014 to identify tools assessing PA and/or HE policy and practice environments in settings that care for youth (≤18 years). Results Sixty-five audit tools were identified of which 53 individual tools met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-three tools assessed both the PA and HE domains, 6 assessed PA domain and 14 assessed HE domain solely. The majority of the tools were self-assessment tools (n=40), and were developed to assess the PA and/or HE environment in school settings (n=33), childcare (n=12), and afterschool programs (n=4). Four tools assessed the community at-large and had sections for assessing preschool, school and/or afterschool settings within the tool. The majority of audit tools lacked validity and/or reliability data (n=42). Inter-rater reliability and construct validity were the most frequently reported reliability (n= 7) and validity types (n=5). Conclusions Limited attention has been given to establishing the reliability and validity of audit tools for settings that care for youth. Future efforts should be directed towards establishing a strong measurement foundation for these important environmental audit tools.

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“…Strength was determined by assessing the proportion of competitive food and beverage-related items (out of 57) that were definitively required in a given district’s policy. The measure built on the original strength score developed by Schwartz et al, who had assessed strength of a series of location restrictions and nutrient standards across locations of sale (Schwartz et al, 2009). Our measure assessed the strength of 12 overarching provisions as well as 15 nutrient-specific standards for each of 3 locations of sale where most competitive food items are purchased at the secondary school level (i.e., vending machines, school stores, and a la carte lines) (Chriqui et al, 2013; Terry-McElrath et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sector analysis of socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and urban/rural disparities in food policy enactment in the United States

et al. 2016

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We examined racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and urban/rural disparities in food policy enactment across different sectors, as well as retail food access, throughout the United States. Policy and retail food store data were obtained from 443 communities as part of the Bridging the Gap Community Obesity Measures Project. Our results indicated that median household income was inversely associated with healthier retail food zoning policies in Hispanic communities, where competitive food policies for schools were also healthier and mean fruit/vegetable access in stores was higher. In contrast, income was positively associated with healthier retail food zoning in rural communities, where competitive food policies were weaker. Black communities had low scores across all policy domains. Overall, Hispanic communities had the strongest food policies across sectors. Barriers to policy adoption in both rural and Black communities must be explored further.

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A Comprehensive Coding System to Measure the Quality of School Wellness Policies

Cited by 92 publications

References 4 publications

State and District Policy Influences on District-Wide Elementary and Middle School Physical Education Practices

State and District Policy Influences on District-Wide Elementary and Middle School Physical Education Practices

Physical activity and healthy eating environmental audit tools in youth care settings: A systematic review

Cross-sector analysis of socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and urban/rural disparities in food policy enactment in the United States

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