A Comprehensive DC Short-Circuit Fault Ride Through Strategy of Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) for Overhead Line Transmission

Cui, Shenghui; Sul, Seung-Ki

doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2513426

Cited by 175 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The fundamental objective of Cui and Sul is to introduce a detailed DC fault ride through (FRT) technique under pole‐to‐pole and PTG DC short circuit faults for hybrid MMC. In case of various faulty conditions, applicability of developed FRT strategy is shown by both simulation and experiment.…”

Section: Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Kurtoğlu

Eroğlu

Arslan

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are frequently preferred for medium and high power energy conversion systems thanks to their modular structure and high quality output waveform. The remarkable studies related to the MMC have been carried out in recent years, which are mainly focused on its topology, control, or application. In this paper, MMC circuit topologies consisting of traditional submodule cells and new proposed configurations are introduced, and their control process, modulation techniques, and application areas are discussed in order to provide the readers the current state of the art of MMC technology. A wide part of this article is devoted to demonstrate the recent contributions arising in MMC studies. In this context, this paper not only outlines the circuit topology, control objectives, and applications of the MMC but also presents a comprehensive review, principally in terms of the latest developments of it. Ultimately, detailed proposals and new possible topics are provided to drive future expectations of MMC technology.

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Section: Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Kurtoğlu

Eroğlu

Arslan

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…The critical point is the point which maximises (19), i.e maximises the required voltage capability within the stack. When first solving for the critical angle an estimate for the nominal energy (E est nom ), given by N 1 2 CV 2 SMnom , within the converter can be made.…”

Section: ) Peak Sub-module Voltage Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the analysis was performed assuming a relatively low modulation index of 0.81 in all cases. Other works have focused on the control of Hybrid MMC [18] and its DC fault ride through capability [16], [19] as well as reliability aspects of the design [20]. Other multilevel converter topologies have also been designed to over-modulate their output.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensioning and Modulation Index Selection for the Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter

Judge

Chaffey

Merlin

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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The Hybrid MMC, comprising a mixture of full-bridge and half-bridge sub-modules, provides tolerance to DC faults without compromising the efficiency of the converter to a large extent. The inclusion of full-bridges creates a new freedom over the choice of ratio of AC to DC voltage at which the converter is operated, with resulting impact on the converter's internal voltage, current and energy deviation waveforms, all of which impact the design of the converter. A design method accounting for this, and allowing the required level of de-rating of nominal sub-module voltage and up-rating of stack voltage capability to ensure correct operation at the extremes of the operating envelope is presented. A mechanism is identified for balancing the peak voltage that the full-bridge and half-bridge sub-modules experience over a cycle. Comparisons are made between converters designed to block DC side faults and converters that also add STATCOM capability. Results indicate that operating at a modulation index of 1.2 gives a good compromise between reduced power losses and additional required sub-modules and semiconductor devices in the converter. The design method is verified against simulation results and the operation of the converter at the proposed modulation index is demonstrated at laboratory-scale.

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“…Projects up to 1000 MW are realized or planned to be built [2]. The HVDC systems have to be designed and controlled to provide high efficiency, availability and reliability during steady state operation as well as during fault conditions being very challenging at DC side [3], [4], [5], [6]. In general, the MMC particularly profits from its scalability to different power and voltage levels by using standard components (IGBTs) [1], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis and Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converters in HVDC Applications

Hahn

Andresen

Buticchi

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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Abstract-The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a very attractive solution for interfacing high voltages in hybrid networks. The MMC enables scalability to different power levels, full controllability provided by IGBTs and can achieve very high efficiencies by using a low switching frequency method as the nearest level modulation. However, the nearest level modulation requires a capacitor voltage balancing algorithm, which can result in unbalanced loading for the power semiconductors in the different submodules. Particularly at low power factor operation, which could occur in case of low-voltage ride through and of reactive power injection, the conventional algorithm is not effective anymore. This article provides thermal stress analysis of the MMC in operation and proposes a thermal balancing approach, which is embedded in the capacitor voltage balancing algorithm. The purpose of the thermal balancing is to achieve similar stress distribution among the different submodules to enhance the lifetime. The junction temperatures in the different submodules are studied for HVDC applications and the article proves experimentally, that the thermal balance within the submodules is significantly improved.

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A Comprehensive DC Short-Circuit Fault Ride Through Strategy of Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) for Overhead Line Transmission

Cited by 175 publications

References 19 publications

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Dimensioning and Modulation Index Selection for the Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter

Thermal Analysis and Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converters in HVDC Applications

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