“…Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely used to evaluate a variety of products and processes, such as additively manufactured products (Faludi, Bayley, Bhogal, & Iribarne, ; Ma, Harstvedt, Dunaway, Bian, & Jaradat, ), sustainably considered products (Ma & Kremer, , b; Ma, Kremer, & Ray, ), and supply chains (Browne, Rizet, Anderson, Allen, & Keita, ). Extensive pertinent prior LCA studies have addressed pallets (e.g., Ali, ; Almeida & Bengtsson, ; Anil, ; Carrano, Pazour, Roy, & Thorn, ; Carrano, Thorn, & Woltag, ; Franklin Associates, ; Gasol, Farreny, Gabarrell, & Rieradevall, ; Lee & Xu, ; Ma, Harstvedt, Jaradat, & Smith, ; Tornese, Carrano, Thorn, Pazour, & Roy, ).…”