A Comprehensive Eulerian Modeling Framework for Airborne Mercury Species: Model Development and Applications

Petersen, G.; Bloxam, R.; Wong, S.; Krüger, Olaf; Schmolke, Stefan

doi:10.1007/0-306-47460-3_24

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While employing the anthropogenic emission inventories and providing valuable information on Hg chemistry, transport and deposition, some studies did not include detailed descriptions on the reemissions of Hg from natural surfaces. In general, the natural re-emissions were either included in the global background (Bullock et al, 1997;Bullock, 2000;Petersen et al, 1998Petersen et al, , 2001Seigneur et al, 2001) or highly parameterized by a latitude and season dependence (Shannon and Voldner, 1995). Recently, Xu et al (2000) integrated a Hg component into the Sarmap Air Quality Model (SAQM) (Chang et al, 1996).…”

Section: Gas-droplet Equiliblia Hg 0 (G)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical modelling study on regional mercury budget for eastern North America

Lin

Tao

2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. In this study, we have integrated an up-to-date physio-chemical transformation mechanism of Hg into the framework of US EPA's CMAQ model system. In addition, the model adapted detailed calculations of the air-surface exchange for Hg to properly describe Hg re-emissions and dry deposition from and to natural surfaces. The mechanism covers Hg in three categories, elemental Hg (Hg 0 ), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) and particulate Hg (HgP). With interfacing to MM5 (meteorology processor) and SMOKE (emission processor), we applied the model to a 4-week period in June/July 1995 on a domain covering most of eastern North America. Results indicate that the model simulates reasonably well the levels of total gaseous Hg (TGM) and the specific Hg wet deposition measurements made by the Hg deposition network (MDN). Moreover, results from various scenario runs reveal that the Hg system behaves in a closely linear way in terms of contributions from different source categories, i.e. anthropogenic emissions, natural re-emissions and background. Analyses of the scenario results suggest that 37% of anthropogenically emitted Hg was deposited back in the model domain with 5155 kg of anthropogenic Hg moving out of the domain during the simulation period. Overall, the domain served as a net source, which supplied ∼a half ton of Hg to the global background pool over the period. Our model validation and a sensitivity test further rationalized the rate constant for gaseous oxidation of Hg 0 by hydroxyl radical OH used in the global scale modelling study by Bergan and Rodhe (2001). A further laboratory determination of the reaction rate constant, including its temperature dependence, stands as one of the important issues critical to improving our knowledge on the budget and cycling of Hg.Correspondence to: X. Lin (Xiude. Lin@kinectrics.com)

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Section: Gas-droplet Equiliblia Hg 0 (G)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical modelling study on regional mercury budget for eastern North America

Lin

Tao

2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…A variety of dry deposition parameterizations have been used in large and regional-scale transport models, and are reported in a review by Ruijgrok et al (1995). Numerous regional and global-scale modeling studies have been conducted to obtain a better understanding of the relationships between the sources, transport, transformation and fate of the important mercury species (Shannon and Voldner, 1995;Pai et al, 1997;Bullock, 2000;Petersen et al, 2001;Seigneur et al, 2001;Bullock and Brehme, 2002;Ryaboshapko et a1., 2002;Cohen et al, 2004;Dastoor and Larocque, 2004;Travnikov, 2005;Gbor et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Atmospheric Particulates and Dry Deposition Particulate-bound Mercury Hg(p) in Sha-Lu, Taiwan

Fang

Yang

Liu

2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ambient air samples were collected between March 17, 2009 and May 22, 2009 at a highway traffic site located in ShaLu, central Taiwan. Atmospheric particulates and particulate bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition fluxes, concentrations (PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 and TSP ) were studied. The results indicate that the average ambient air particles dry deposition, PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 and TSP. concentrations were 145.03 μg/m 2 -min and 15.47, 9.50, 65.14 μg/m 3 , respectively. And the average dry deposition, PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 and TSP bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations were 0.9519 ng/m 2 -min and 0.1140, 0.0106, 0.0763 ng/m 3 , respectively. In addition, the average ambient air particles bound mercury Hg(p) compositions for PM 2.5 , PM 2.5-10 and TSP were 3.60, 3.45 and 44.99 ng/g, respectively. The results indicate that both of these two models (Baklanov and Sorensen, 2001;Zhang et al., 2001) are estimated as the measured dry deposition mass flux. The Baklanov model performs better results in the prediction of mass dry deposition flux. In addition, both of these two models slightly underestimate the measured dry deposition mass flux for particle bound Hg(p). Zhang's model performs better results in the prediction of Hg(p) dry deposition flux.

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“…Regional and global‐scale models for reactive mercury have been developed by Pai et al [1997], Shia et al [1999], Xu et al [2000a, 2000b] Petersen et al [2001], Bullock and Brehme [2002], Dastoor and Larocque [2004], Seigneur et al [2004], Gbor et al [2006, 2007], and Hedgecock et al [2005, 2006], and Selin et al [2007]. Model methods were also discussed by Ryaboshapko et al [2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive mercury in the troposphere: Model formation and results for Florida, the northeastern United States, and the Atlantic Ocean

Sillman¹,

Marsik²,

Al-Wali³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We describe the development of a model for transport and photochemistry of atmospheric mercury at the regional scale, along with an application to the eastern United States and adjacent Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, and comparison with aircraftbased measurements in Florida. The model is the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) with modifications to include an integrated solution for gas phase and aqueous photochemistry. The expanded chemistry includes O 3 , NO x , organics, sulfur, halogens and mercury. Divalent reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) is formed slowly through gas phase reactions and removed rapidly by aqueous reactions in cloud water. Model results show that elevated RGM (up to 260 pg m À3 ) forms intermittently over the Atlantic Ocean in air masses that have a cloud-free history. Aircraft measurements in Florida show RGM varying between 10 and 250 pg m À3 and increasing with altitude, a pattern that is consistent with model results. Ambient RGM would increase by 50% if aqueous reduction reactions were omitted. The model predicts that ambient elemental mercury and RGM anticorrelate in regions where RGM is produced photochemically and correlate in regions dominated by direct emissions. Model results also suggest positive correlations between RGM and SO 2 , reactive nitrogen and H 2 O 2 , which may be used to identify photochemically produced versus directly emitted RGM. RGM in the model is strongly correlated with O 3 during pollution events, and ozone formation from anthropogenic precursors is predicted to cause a significant increase in RGM.

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A Comprehensive Eulerian Modeling Framework for Airborne Mercury Species: Model Development and Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

A numerical modelling study on regional mercury budget for eastern North America

A numerical modelling study on regional mercury budget for eastern North America

Estimation of Atmospheric Particulates and Dry Deposition Particulate-bound Mercury Hg(p) in Sha-Lu, Taiwan

Reactive mercury in the troposphere: Model formation and results for Florida, the northeastern United States, and the Atlantic Ocean

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