A comprehensive expression analysis of the WRKY gene superfamily in rice plants during defense response

Ryu, Hak-Seung; Han, Muho; Lee, Sang‐Kyu; Cho, Jung‐Il; Ryoo, Nayeon; Heu, Sunggi; Lee, Youn‐Hyung; Bhoo, Seong Hee; Wang, Guo‐Liang; Hahn, Tae‐Ryong; Jeon, Jong‐Seong

doi:10.1007/s00299-006-0138-1

Cited by 242 publications

(205 citation statements)

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“…The rice genome contains more than 100 WRKY genes, often present in duplicated chromosomal regions, suggesting genome duplications as one of the mechanisms for the expansion of this family in this plant species (Ross et al, 2007;Ramamoorthy et al, 2008). The majority of these genes respond to (a)biotic stresses and various phytohormones (Ryu et al, 2006;Ramamoorthy et al, 2008). Individual WRKY members have been associated with pathogen defense, albeit with the caveat that the majority of such studies have employed strong ecotopic overexpressor lines.…”

Section: Recent Developments In Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

“…JA and SA signaling usually act antagonistically, but synergism between these two phytohormones has also been observed (Mur et al, 2006). These responses to pathogen attack require large-scale transcriptional reprogramming, including those of TF families such as WRKY genes (Eulgem, 2005;Ryu et al, 2006;Naoumkina et al, 2008).…”

Section: Wrky Factors In Disease Resistance Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of WRKY Transcription Factors in Plant Immunity

2009

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Section: Recent Developments In Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wrky Factors In Disease Resistance Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of WRKY Transcription Factors in Plant Immunity

2009

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“…Plant immune responses are associated with the concerted modulation of a large number of different WRKY transcripts and proteins [15,[34][35][36]37 ]. Upon triggering of SAdependent defenses, at least 49 AtWRKY genes exhibited differential regulation representing separate waves of transcript accumulation or repression [34].…”

Section: The Wrky Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks of WRKY transcription factors in defense signaling

Eulgem

Somssich

2007

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

1,168

890

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Members of the complex family of WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant immune responses. Recently genetic evidence directly proving their significance as positive and negative regulators of disease resistance has accumulated. WRKY genes were shown to be functionally connected forming a transcriptional network composed of positive and negative feedback loops and feed-forward modules. Within a web of partially redundant elements some WRKY factors hold central positions mediating fast and efficient activation of defense programs. A key mechanism triggering strong immune responses appears to be based on the inactivation of defense-suppressing WRKY proteins. [13,15,16 ]. Moreover, AtWRKY70 is required for both basal defense and full R-gene (RPP4)-mediated disease resistance against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica [17 ] Similarly, mutants compromised in AtWRKY33 were more susceptible to infection by B. cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola [18]. Several WRKY factors act as negative regulators of resistance. For instance, basal plant resistance triggered by a virulent P. syringae strain was enhanced in Atwrky7 and Atwrky11/Atwrky17 insertional mutants [19 ,20] thereby also revealing partly redundant functions for these closely related TFs.A small clade (subgroup IIa) of WRKY genes, comprising AtWRKY18, AtWRKY40, and AtWRKY60, play important and partly redundant functions in regulating plant disease resistance. Xu et al. [21 ] showed that Atwrky18/Atwrky40 and Atwrky18/Atwrky60 double mutants were more resistant to P. syringae DC3000 but more susceptible to B. cinerea infection. Atwrky18/Atwrky40 double mutants were also highly resistant toward an otherwise virulent powdery mildew, Golovinomyces orontii [22 ]. In both studies single Atwrky mutants behaved similar to wild-type plants. Interestingly, AtWRKY18 was also identified as a positive regulator required for full SAR, but here AtWRKY40 does not seem to be involved [16 ]. Differences in the experimental set-ups employed by Xu et al.[21 ] and Wang et al.[16 ] may be responsible for the apparent discrepancy observed in the Atwrky18 mutant when challenged by virulent P. syringae strains. Xu et al. used 10-fold higher bacterial inoculum that may have masked the effect on basal resistance caused by loss-ofAtWRKY18 function.In barley, two IIa WRKY members were shown to suppress basal defense to virulent Blumeria graminis in silencing and transient overexpression experiments [22 ,23]. Unfortunately, a solution structure exists only for the common zinc-finger-containing WRKY DNA-binding domain [27 ] and thus no topological information regarding subgroup-specific motifs are available. Nevertheless, some of these structural hallmarks, which appear largely conserved throughout the plant kingdom, have recently been associated with defined molecular or biological functions. It is very likely that they functionally link individual WRKY molecules to each other or to additional de...

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“…7,8) The rice genome is predicted to contain over 100 WRKY (OsWRKY) genes. 9) It has been found that several WRKY genes are expressed in response to the rice blast fungal elicitor 10) and the defense signal molecules salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, 11) and that OsWRKY13 and OsWRKY45 are involved in salicylic acid-mediated defense signaling in rice, 12,13) but the biological functions of most of the WRKY factors in defense signaling in rice remain unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%