A comprehensive guide to pilus biogenesis in Gram-negative bacteria

Hospenthal, Manuela K.; Costa, Tiago; Waksman, Gabriel

doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.40

Cited by 247 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Gram-negative bacteria produce a subset, called chaperone-usher fimbriae for their method of secretion and assembly (226, 227). P. mirabilis HI4320 encodes 17 chaperone-usher fimbrial operons (112).…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection

2018

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Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium most noted for its swarming motility and urease activity, frequently causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) that are often polymicrobial. These infections may be accompanied by urolithiasis, development of bladder or kidney stones due to alkalinization of urine from urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis. Adherence of the bacterium to epithelial and catheter surfaces is mediated by 17 different fimbriae, most notably MR/P fimbriae. Repressors of motility are often encoded by these fimbrial operons. Motility is mediated by flagella encoded on a single contiguous 54 kb chromosomal sequence. On agar plates, P. mirabilis undergoes a morphological conversion to a filamentous swarmer cell expressing hundreds of flagella. When swarms from different strains meet, a line of demarcation, a “Dienes line”, develops due to the killing action of each strain’s type VI secretion system. During infection, histological damage is caused by cytotoxins including hemolysin and a variety of proteases, some autotransported. The pathogenesis of infection, including assessment of individual genes or global screens for virulence or fitness factors has been assessed in murine models of ascending UTI or CAUTI using both single-species and polymicrobial models. Global gene expression studies carried out in culture and in the murine model have revealed the unique metabolism of this bacterium. Vaccines, using MR/P fimbria and its adhesin, MrpH, have been shown to be efficacious in the murine model. A comprehensive review of factors associated with urinary tract infection is presented, encompassing both historical perspectives and current advances.

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Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection

2018

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“…Extending from the core complex outside of the cell is an appendage called a pilus, which is a polymer of VirB2 and is essential for making the connection between the recipient and donor cells. Recent high‐resolution cryo EM structure of the pilus isolated from the F‐like plasmid shows that the inside of the pilus is covered with lipid head groups, which might facilitate the transfer of the DNA between cells (Costa et al , 2016; Hospenthal et al , 2017). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of a VirD4 coupling protein bound to a VirB type IV secretion machinery

et al. 2017

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Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are versatile bacterial secretion systems mediating transport of protein and/or DNA. T4S systems are generally composed of 11 VirB proteins and 1 VirD protein (VirD4). The VirB1‐11 proteins assemble to form a secretion machinery and a pilus while the VirD4 protein is responsible for substrate recruitment. The structure of VirD4 in isolation is known; however, its structure bound to the VirB1‐11 apparatus has not been determined. Here, we purify a T4S system with VirD4 bound, define the biochemical requirements for complex formation and describe the protein–protein interaction network in which VirD4 is involved. We also solve the structure of this complex by negative stain electron microscopy, demonstrating that two copies of VirD4 dimers locate on both sides of the apparatus, in between the VirB4 ATPases. Given the central role of VirD4 in type IV secretion, our study provides mechanistic insights on a process that mediates the dangerous spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial populations.

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“…Although P. gingivalis expresses a number of potential virulence factors (How, Song & Chan, 2016), fimbriae, filamentous proteinaceous appendages on the bacterial surface, are one of the most important because they play a pivotal role in P. gingivalis colonization through association with other bacteria and host tissues (Hospenthal, Costa & Waksman, 2017; Lamont & Jenkinson, 2000). P. gingivalis generally expresses two distinct types of fimbriae: FimA and Mfa1 (Yoshimura et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution ofPorphyromonas gingivalis fimAandmfa1fimbrial genotypes in subgingival plaques

Nagano

Hasegawa

Iijima

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundStrains of periodontal disease-associated bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis have different pathogenicity, which can be attributed to clonal genetic diversity. P. gingivalis typically expresses two types of fimbriae, FimA and Mfa1, which comprise six (I, Ib, II, III, IV, and V) and two (mfa53 and mfa70) genotypes, respectively. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of the two fimbrial genotypes of P. gingivalis in clinical specimens.MethodsSubgingival plaques were collected from 100 participants during periodontal maintenance therapy and examined for P. gingivalis fimbrial genotypes by direct polymerase chain reaction and/or DNA sequencing. We also analyzed the relationship between fimbrial genotypes and clinical parameters of periodontitis recorded at the first medical examination.ResultsBoth fimbrial types could be detected in 63 out of 100 samples; among them, fimA genotype II was found in 33 samples (52.4%), in which the mfa70 genotype was 1.75 times more prevalent than mfa53. The total detection rate of fimA genotypes I and Ib was 38.1%; in these samples, the two mfa1 genotypes were observed at a comparable frequency. In two samples positive for fimA III (3.2%), only mfa53 was detected, whereas in four samples positive for fimA IV (6.3%), the two mfa1 genotypes were equally represented, and none of fimA V-positive samples defined the mfa1 genotype. No associations were found between clinical parameters and fimbrial subtype combinations.DiscussionBoth P. gingivalis fimbrial types were detected at various ratios in subgingival plaques, and a tendency for fimA and mfa1 genotype combinations was observed. However, there was no association between P. gingivalis fimbrial genotypes and periodontitis severity.

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A comprehensive guide to pilus biogenesis in Gram-negative bacteria

Cited by 247 publications

References 136 publications

Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection

Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection

Structure of a VirD4 coupling protein bound to a VirB type IV secretion machinery

Distribution ofPorphyromonas gingivalis fimAandmfa1fimbrial genotypes in subgingival plaques

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