A Comprehensive Habit Diagram for Atmospheric Ice Crystals: Confirmation from the Laboratory, AIRS II, and Other Field Studies

Bailey, Martin J.; Hallett, John

doi:10.1175/2009jas2883.1

Cited by 377 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[79][80][81] Phase transitions 82,83 for inorganic and organic materials can be investigated in situ in great detail and under very low temperatures. The IN-ESEM platform can also be applied to other research areas where well-controlled temperature or RH are required such as cryobiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Wang

Knopf

China

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The work presents microscopic observations of heterogeneous ice nucleation from experiments conducted inside an environmental scanning electron microscope. Observations of ice formation on kaolinite particles demonstrate that ice preferentially nucleates at the edges of the stacked platelets, rather than on the basal planes. This platform is applied for directly detecting and tracking ice nucleating particles in ambient aerosol samples and is complemented by micro-spectroscopic chemical imaging. This technique opens a path to new physical chemistry studies of ice formation in atmospheric science, cryobiology, and material science.www.rsc.org/pccp Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a physical chemistry process of critical relevance to a range of topics in the fundamental and applied sciences and technologies. Heterogeneous ice nucleation remains insufficiently understood, partially due to the lack of experimental methods capable of obtaining in situ microscopic details of ice formation over nucleating substrates or particles. We present microscopic observations of ice nucleation events on kaolinite particles at the nanoscale and demonstrate the capability of direct tracking and micro-spectroscopic characterization of individual ice nucleating particles (INPs) in an authentic atmospheric sample. This approach utilizes a custom-built ice nucleation cell, interfaced with an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (IN-ESEM platform) operated at temperatures and relative humidities relevant for heterogeneous ice nucleation. The IN-ESEM platform allows dynamic observations of individual ice formation events over particles in isobaric and isothermal experiments. Isothermal experiments on individual kaolinite particles demonstrate that ice crystals preferably nucleate at the edges of the stacked kaolinite platelets, rather than on their basal planes.These experimental observations of the location of ice nucleation provide direct information for further theoretical chemistry predictions of ice formation on kaolinite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Wang

Knopf

China

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…In the East Antarctic Plateau over all the seasons except summer, a strong surface-based temperature inversion persists in which small ice crystals referred to as diamond dust/ice fog form in the boundary layer (Walden et al, 2003). Classification of ice cloud particles is important to retrieve the shape of individual crystals and to estimate the radiative impact of the clouds (Bailey and Hallett, 2009;Lindqvist et al, 2012). It is beyond the scope of the present analysis to classify ice crystals measured over the Dome C station.…”

Section: Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genesis of diamond dust, ice fog and thick cloud episodes observed and modelled above Dome C, Antarctica

Ricaud¹,

Bazile²,

Guasta³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Episodes of thick cloud and diamond dust/ice fog were observed during 15 March to 8 April 2011 and 4 to 5 March 2013 in the atmosphere above Dome C (Concordia station, Antarctica; 75 • 06 S, 123 • 21 E; 3233 m a.m.s.l.). The objectives of the paper are mainly to investigate the processes that cause these episodes based on observations and to verify whether operational models can evaluate them. The measurements were obtained from the following instruments: (1) a ground-based microwave radiometer (HAM-STRAD, H 2 O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers) installed at Dome C that provided vertical profiles of tropospheric temperature and absolute humidity every 7 min; (2) daily radiosoundings launched at 12:00 UTC at Dome C; (3) a tropospheric aerosol lidar that provides aerosol depolarization ratio along the vertical at Dome C; (4) down-and upward short-and long-wave radiations as provided by the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) facilities; (5) an ICE-CAMERA to detect at an hourly rate the size of the ice crystal grains deposited at the surface of the camera; and (6) space-borne aerosol depolarization ratio from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar aboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) platform along orbits close to the Dome C station. The time evolution of the atmosphere has also been evaluated by considering the outputs from the mesoscale AROME and the global-scale ARPEGE meteorological models. Thick clouds are detected during the warm and wet periods (24-26 March 2011 and 4 March 2013) with high depolarization ratios (greater than 30 %) from the surface to 5-7 km above the ground associated with precipitation of ice particles and the presence of a supercooled liquid water (depolarization less than 10 %) clouds. Diamond dust and/or ice fog are detected during the cold and dry periods (5 April 2011 and 5 March 2013) with high depolarization ratios (greater than 30 %) in the planetary boundary layer to a maximum altitude of 100-300 m above the ground with little trace of precipitation. Considering 5-day back trajectories, we show that the thick cloud episodes are attributed to air masses with an oceanic origin whilst the diamond dust/ice fog episodes are attributed to air masses with continental origins. Although operational models can reproduce thick cloud episodes in the free troposphere, they cannot evaluate the diamond dust/ice fog episodes in the planetary boundary layer because they require to use more sophisticated cloud and aerosol microphysics schemes.

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“…The shape, density, and growth rate of individual crystals are mostly a function of temperature and relative humidity of the environment in which they form (Magono and Lee, 1966;Chen and Lamb, 1994;Fukuta and Takahashi, 1999;Bailey and Hallett, 2009;Takahashi, 2014). Individual crystals can clump together (aggregation) and/or collect supercooled liquid water droplets that freeze upon impact on the surface of the crystals (riming).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarimetric radar and in situ observations of riming and snowfall microphysics during CLACE 2014

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This study investigates the microphysics of winter alpine snowfall occurring in mixed-phase clouds in an inner-Alpine valley during January and February 2014. The available observations include high-resolution polarimetric radar and in situ measurements of the ice-phase and liquidphase components of clouds and precipitation. Radar-based hydrometeor classification suggests that riming is an important factor to favor an efficient growth of the precipitating mass and correlates with snow accumulation rates at ground level. The time steps during which rimed precipitation is dominant are analyzed in terms of temporal evolution and vertical structure. Snowfall identified as rimed often appears after a short time period during which the atmospheric conditions favor wind gusts and updrafts and supercooled liquid water (SLW) is available. When a turbulent atmospheric layer persists for several hours and ensures continuous SLW generation, riming can be sustained longer and large accumulations of snow at ground level can be generated. The microphysical interpretation and the meteorological situation associated with one such event are detailed in the paper. The vertical structure of polarimetric radar observations during intense snowfall classified as rimed shows a peculiar maximum of specific differential phase shift K dp , associated with large number concentrations and riming of anisotropic crystals. Below this K dp peak there is usually an enhancement in radar reflectivity Z H , proportional to the K dp enhancement and interpreted as aggregation of ice crystals. These signatures seem to be recurring during intense snowfall.

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A Comprehensive Habit Diagram for Atmospheric Ice Crystals: Confirmation from the Laboratory, AIRS II, and Other Field Studies

Cited by 377 publications

References 23 publications

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Genesis of diamond dust, ice fog and thick cloud episodes observed and modelled above Dome C, Antarctica

Polarimetric radar and in situ observations of riming and snowfall microphysics during CLACE 2014

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