A Comprehensive Investigation Regarding the Differentiation of the Procurable COVID-19 Vaccines

Banerjee, Surojit; Banerjee, Debadri; Singh, Anupama; Saharan, Vikas Anand

doi:10.1208/s12249-022-02247-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…reported that LNPs utilizing MC3 lipid incorporated with 3% Tween 20, a surfactant with a branched PEG chain linked to a short lipid tail, performed much stronger and specific transfection of pDNA at the LNs than those mixed with Tween 80. 76 Also, Pam2Cys, a simple synthetic metabolizable lipoamino acid that signals through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 pathway as a candidate adjuvant capable of eliciting an adaptive immune response, 78 , 79 was incorporated by Huashan Shi and colleagues into the mRNA-LNPs vaccine ( Figure 3 A). Utilizing intramuscular administration, their findings demonstrated that Pam2Cys-LNPs (pm vaccine) resulted in an effective immune milieu in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) through antigen presentation accomplished primarily by migratory and dLN-resident conventional type 2 DCs (cDC2s), which triggered both CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses, and induction of IL-12 and IL-17, among other cytokines in the mice model ( Figure 3 B).…”

Section: Organ-selective Lnps As Delivery Platforms For Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for organ-selective nucleic acids delivery in vivo

Zhang,

Yin,

et al. 2024

iScience

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Section: Organ-selective Lnps As Delivery Platforms For Nucleic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for organ-selective nucleic acids delivery in vivo

Zhang,

Yin,

et al. 2024

iScience

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“… 17 – 24 An inhalable drug, PUL-042, containing a Pam2Cys derivative, has been tested for efficacy against bacterial and viral infections. 25 Pam2Cys is a simple synthetic neutral lipoamino acid that are easily attainable and metabolizable, consisting of only a cysteine, a thioglycerol and two fatty acid residues (Fig. 1a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of a Toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist potentiates mRNA vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases

Yang

et al. 2023

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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AbstractmRNA vaccines have emerged rapidly in recent years as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against various diseases including cancer and infectious diseases. Improvements of mRNA vaccines have been underway, among which boosting of efficacy is of great importance. Pam2Cys, a simple synthetic metabolizable lipoamino acid that signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 pathway, eliciting both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses, is an interesting candidate adjuvant. To investigate the enhancement of the efficacies of mRNA vaccines by Pam2Cys, the adjuvant was incorporated into mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to achieve co-delivery with mRNA. Immunization with the resulting mRNA-LNPs (Pam2Cys) shaped up the immune milieu in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) through the induction of IL-12 and IL-17, among other cytokines. Antigen presentation was carried out mainly by migratory and dLN-resident conventional type 2 DCs (cDC2s) and significantly more potent antitumor responses were triggered in both prophylactic and therapeutic tumor models in a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-dependent fashion. Accompanying memory antitumor immunity was also established. Moreover, the vaccine also stimulated much more robust humoral and cellular immunity in a surrogate COVID-19 prophylactic model. Last but not the least, the new vaccines exhibited good preliminary safety profiles in murine models. These facts warrant future development of Pam2Cys-incorporated mRNA vaccines or relevant mRNA therapeutics for clinical application.

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“…A grave challenge with COVID-19 is the continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to several variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.1.529 etc.) spread all over the world [ 3 ]. To control the situation, drug regulatory agencies (such as the United States Food and drug Administration (USFDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA)) have given emergency use approval (EUA) to several novel molecules and pre-existing drugs for controlling the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on COVID-19 vaccines and drugs is still ongoing to find the best cure. Different vaccines, such as ChAdOx1, BNT162 (especially BNT162b2), Covaxin, mRNA-1273, and AD26.COV2.S, have been found effective against different strains of SARS-CoV-2 [ 3 ]. However, the effect of vaccines on boosting immunity varies for different strains and their variant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Insight on New Discovered Molecules and Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19

Banerjee¹,

Banerjee²,

Singh³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began churning out incredulous terror in December 2019. Within several months from its first detection in Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2 spread to the rest of the world through droplet infection, making it a pandemic situation and a healthcare emergency across the globe. The available treatment of COVID-19 was only symptomatic as the disease was new and no approved drug or vaccine was available. Another challenge with COVID-19 was the continuous mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Some repurposed drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and remdesivir, received emergency use authorization in various countries, but their clinical use is compromised with either severe and fatal adverse effects or nonavailability of sufficient clinical data. Molnupiravir was the first molecule approved for the treatment of COVID-19, followed by Paxlovid™, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and others. New molecules have variable therapeutic efficacy against different variants or strains of SARS-CoV-2, which require further investigations. The aim of this review is to provide in-depth information on new molecules and repurposed drugs with emphasis on their general description, mechanism of action (MOA), correlates of protection, dose and dosage form, route of administration, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and marketing authorizations.

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A Comprehensive Investigation Regarding the Differentiation of the Procurable COVID-19 Vaccines

Cited by 4 publications

References 134 publications

Optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for organ-selective nucleic acids delivery in vivo

Optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for organ-selective nucleic acids delivery in vivo

Incorporation of a Toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist potentiates mRNA vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases

A Clinical Insight on New Discovered Molecules and Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19

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