A comprehensive method to find RPO trajectory and incentive scheme for promotion of renewable energy in India with study of impact of RPO on tariff

Understanding and mitigating the security risks of content inclusion in web browsers

“…The first account of RPO is attributed to a blog post by Gareth Heyes [50], introducing selfreferencing a PHP script with server-side URL rewriting. Furthermore, the post notes that certain versions of Internet Explorer allow JavaScript execution from within a CSS context in the Compatibility View mode [85], escalating style injection to XSS [128].…”

“…This semantic disconnect between web browsers and web servers in interpreting relative paths (path confusion) could be exploited by Relative Path Overwrite (RPO). When an injection vulnerability is present in a page, an attacker could manipulate the URL such that the web page references itself as the stylesheet, which turns a simple text injection vulnerability into a style sink [50]. The general threat model of RPO resembles that of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).…”

“…There are many existing techniques of how style directives could be injected into a site [47,53]. A relatively recent class of attacks is Relative Path Overwrite (RPO), first proposed in a blog post by Gareth Heyes [50] in 2014. These attacks exploit the semantic disconnect between web browsers and web servers in interpreting relative paths (path confusion).…”

“…For example, an attacker could manipulate the URL to make the page include user-generated content hosted on the same domain [116]. When an injection vulnerability is present in a page, an attacker could manipulate the URL such that the web page references itself as the stylesheet, which turns a simple text injection vulnerability into a style sink [50]. Among these attack instantiations, the latter variant has preconditions that are comparatively frequently met by sites.…”