A Comprehensive Overview of Dynamic Line Rating Combined with Other Flexibility Options from an Operational Point of View

Abstract

The need for flexibility in power system operation gradually increases regarding more renewable energy integration, load growth, etc., and the system operators already invest in this manner to enhance the power system operation. Besides, the power system has thermally sensitive assets such as lines, transformers, etc. that are normally operated under highly conservative static ratings. There is a growing trend in this regard to use the actual capacity of such assets dynamically under varying operating conditions leading to a dynamic thermal rating concept which is referred as dynamic line rating (DLR) approach specifically for lines. This study provides a comprehensive overview of existing perspectives on DLR and combination with other flexibility options from an operational point of view. Apart from the existing review studies more focused on implementation category of DLR concept, the concentration on more operational stage from the power system operation point of view leads the difference of this study compared to the mentioned studies. A categorization of the DLR implementation for either being sole or combined usage as a flexibility option is further realized. Besides, a geographically categorized analysis on existing practical evidence on DLR concept and implementations is also presented in this study.

Leveraging the Existing German Transmission Grid with Dynamic Line Rating

“…However, the process of expanding transmission lines can take 5-10 years and has often faced delays due to administrative issues and protest activities in the past [41,44,23]. The situation of lacking transmission capacity is therefore expected to worsen in the future which, in the light of rapid installation of renewable generation, will likely increase transmission system congestion, curtailment and grid instability [18]. In the example of Germany, most of the wind infrastructure built up throughout the last two decades is located in the North while there is significant industrial demand in the South [38].…”

Uncertainty Assessment of Dynamic Thermal Line Rating for Operational Use at Transmission System Operators

“…The advancements in the DTR research community are periodically collected and presented in comprehensive DTR guidelines provided by the CIGRE [3], IEEE [11] and IEC [12] standards. The evolution of DTR physical models and methods, and their integration into operational use, are thoroughly discussed in recent review papers [13,14].…”

Fuzzy Dynamic Thermal Rating System-Based Thermal Aging Model for Transmission Lines

“…Therefore, research on improving the load capacity of overhead transmission lines (OHL) and conductor thermal behavior and upgrading existing lines must be addressed [14,15]. Numerous studies have been conducted to address challenges such as the thermal stress and aging of conductors to enhance their performance or line rating [16,17].…”