A comprehensive pore structure study of the Bakken Shale with SANS, N2 adsorption and mercury intrusion

Liu, Kouqi; Ostadhassan, Mehdi; Sun, Laixi; Zou, Jie; Yuan, Yaochu; Gentzis, Thomas; Zhang, Yuxiang; Carvajal‐Ortiz, Humberto; Rezaee, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.174

Cited by 119 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Relative scattering intensity was converted to absolute scattering intensity by correcting the raw measured data for the contributions of the empty cell, background, sample thickness, and transmission. All the fractal behaviors and Porod models were fitted using SASfit software (Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerlan) [28,29,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast Variation Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of Micro- and Nano-Sized TATB

Song

Bai

et al. 2019

Materials

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Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation was used to characterize the fractal behavior and embedded porosity of micro/nano-sized 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) crystallites, gauging the effects of particle sizes on the microstructural features. Scattering results reveal that the external surface of micro-sized TATB crystallites are continuous and smooth interfaces and their internal pores display a surface fractal structure (surface fractal dimension 2.15 < DS < 2.25), while the external surface of nano-sized TATB particles exhibit a surface fractal structure (surface fractal dimension 2.36 < DS < 2.55) and their internal pores show a two-level volume fractal structure (large voids consist of small voids). The voids volume fraction of nano-sized TATB particles are found increased distinctively when compared with micro-sized TATB particles on length scale between 1 nm and 100 nm. Specific surface areas are also estimated based on Porod law method, which are coincident with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements. The contrast variation technique distinguishes the information of internal voids from external surface, suggesting SANS is a powerful tool for determining the microstructural features, which can be used to establish the relationship between microstructures and properties of micro/nano-energetic materials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast Variation Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of Micro- and Nano-Sized TATB

Song

Bai

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…15 Nitrogen adsorption nowadays has become a standard technique for pore structure analysis in shale characterization. [16][17][18][19][20][21] In addition to its applicability for pore size distribution, pore surface area and pore volume determination, researchers have combined fractal dimension analysis with adsorption isotherms to obtain more information from the pores. [22][23][24][25][26] Based on the literature, nearly all the authors utilized the FHH model solely to characterize fractal dimensions of shale rocks without any strong basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of fractal dimensions from nitrogen adsorption data in shale via different models

et al. 2021

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“…Pores in shale are divided into micropores (with diameter < 2 nm), mesopores (with diameter of 2-50 nm), and macropores (with diameter > 50 nm) [11]. Among the techniques for quantitative analysis of shale pore systems [4,[12][13][14], low-pressure gas adsorption (LPGA) is important in the measurement of pore properties over a wide range of pore sizes. Low-pressure N 2 adsorption is frequently used to analyze mesopore characteristics in shale reservoirs [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partial least square regression (PLSR) is a multivariate analytical method that can process the correlated independent variables. PLSR has been used to analyze correlations between pore properties and geological factors, based on seven shale samples [12,27,28]. But the residual oil in samples was not extracted before testing pore properties [12,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLSR has been used to analyze correlations between pore properties and geological factors, based on seven shale samples [12,27,28]. But the residual oil in samples was not extracted before testing pore properties [12,27,28]. The potential geological factors did not include burial depth and Ro [12,27,28], and the importance of the geological factor (descriptor) for a dependent variable (one of pore properties; response) was not evaluated with the parameter of variable importance in projection (VIP) [12,27,28,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore Properties of the Lacustrine Shale in the Upper Part of the Sha-4 Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression in East China

et al. 2021

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Lacustrine shales hold a huge potential oil resource in China. Pore properties (pore volume, diameter, specific surface area, and fractal dimensions) and their relationships with geological factors (mineralogy, insoluble organic carbon, burial depth, and vitrinite reflectance) are critical for evaluating shale oil resource. However, the factors controlling pores for lacustrine shale oil remain unclear, as the relationships between pore properties of Soxhlet-extracted samples and geological factors have not been studied using multivariate analytical methods. In this paper, the samples from the lacustrine shale in the upper part of the Sha-4 Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression were tested with a set of experiments including Soxhlet (solvent) extraction, X-ray diffraction mineral analysis, insoluble organic carbon, vitrinite reflectance, and low-pressure CO2 and N2 adsorption experiments. The micromesopore volume varies from 0.003 cm3/g to 0.045 cm3/g. The relationships of pore properties with geological factors were studied with partial least square regression analysis (PLSR analysis, a powerful multivariate regression analysis). The results of the PLSR analyses indicate that clay minerals and carbonates are two key factors affecting the pore properties of the lacustrine shale. Compared with marine shales, more clay minerals in the lacustrine shale make them become more important for controlling pores than organic matter. The PLSR results also illustrate that the shale with higher pore volume contains more clay minerals and fewer carbonates and thus is unfavorable for hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, the shale with high micromesopore volume may be unfavorable for shale oil production. The shale with the modest micromesopore volume (~0.036 cm3/g), relatively high content of brittle minerals (~71 wt%), and low clay mineral content (~29 wt%) is conducive to both oil storage and hydraulic fracturing for the development of the Es4U shale oil in the Dongying Depression in East China.

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A comprehensive pore structure study of the Bakken Shale with SANS, N2 adsorption and mercury intrusion

Cited by 119 publications

References 45 publications

Contrast Variation Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of Micro- and Nano-Sized TATB

Contrast Variation Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of Micro- and Nano-Sized TATB

Comparison of fractal dimensions from nitrogen adsorption data in shale via different models

Pore Properties of the Lacustrine Shale in the Upper Part of the Sha-4 Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression in East China

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