A Comprehensive Precipitation Data Set for Global Land Areas

Eischeid, Jon; Díaz, Henry F.; Bradley, R. S.; Jones, Phil

doi:10.3334/cdiac/cli.tr051

Cited by 29 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…In general, global (Bradley et al, 1987;Diaz et al, 1989;Vinnikov et al, 1990;Eischeid et al, 1991;Dai et al, 1997) and regional (Groisman and Easterling, 1994;Nicholls et al, 1996, and references therein; Karl and Knight, 1998;Hennessy et al, 1999;Mekis and Hogg, 1999) studies of total precipitation have found an increasing trend, concentrated during the winter in high northern latitudes, consistent with enhanced greenhouse warming projections. However, a limited-number of regional studies (e.g., Iwashima and Yamamoto, 1993;Nicholls and Kariko, 1993;Karl et al, 1995;Karl and Knight, 1998;Hennessy et al, 1999) have detected no overall trend in extreme heavy precipitation events, finding instead a mixture of regional trends of varying sign and magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Trends in Canadian precipitation intensity

Stone¹,

Weaver

Zwiers³

2000

Atmosphere-Ocean

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Trends in Canadian precipitation intensity

Stone¹,

Weaver

Zwiers³

2000

Atmosphere-Ocean

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“…Averages of the global precipitation anomaly from the Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) data-set (described by Eischeid et al, 1991) for each of these drought events are shown in Figure 2. The station data is binned into boxes of four degrees of latitude and longitude and must be interpreted with caution in the mid-nineteenth century as data is scarce outside of Europe.…”

Section: Station Precipitation Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The global footprint of persistent extra‐tropical drought in the instrumental era

Herweijer

Seager

2008

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The major North American droughts as per instrumental records are shown to be part of a larger, global pattern of low‐frequency drought variability. Drought in western North America during the 1850s–1860s, 1870s, 1890s, 1930s and 1950s, is shown to coincide with the occurrence of prolonged dry spells in parts of Europe, southern South America and western Australia. Tropical land regions are mostly wet during these periods, with the exception of central east Africa, southern India and Sri Lanka, which are dry. The recent 1998–2003 period of drought in western North America reveals a similar global hydroclimatic ‘footprint’ with the exception of a wet southern South America and continued dry conditions in the Sahel. Common to each of the six droughts is the persistence of anomalously cool east central tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). For the 1998–2003 case, the warming of SSTs everywhere outside of the east central tropical Pacific may be influencing precipitation and masking the influence of persistent precipitation anomalies driven from the tropical Pacific alone. In general, examination of these major historical extra‐tropical droughts reveals a hemispherically and, in the extra‐tropics, a zonally symmetric pattern consistent with forcing from the Tropics.Ensembles of model simulations forced by observed SSTs globally (Global Ocean Global Atmosphere, GOGA) and only within the tropical Pacific (Pacific Ocean Global Atmosphere‐Mixed Layer, POGA‐ML) are both able to capture the global pattern of the persistent extra‐tropical drought regimes since the mid‐nineteenth century. This implies that the recently demonstrated link between SST forcing and drought in North America is in fact only one part of a global hydroclimatic response to the persistence of cool SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. Indian Ocean SST forcing is required to capture the droughts in central east Africa. Over Europe, the modelled, low‐frequency precipitation signal is unrealistically ENSO dominated, as the model does not faithfully reproduce the observed history of low‐frequency NAO variability. Overall, our results suggest that the global pattern of persistent drought appears to be a low‐frequency version of interannual ENSO‐forced variability. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society

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“…The earlier studies such as Schutz and Gates (1972a, 1972b, 1973, 1974 and Jaeger (1976Jaeger ( ,1983 were simply digital versions of subjectively drawn maps from existing precipitation atlases. More recent studies such as those by Legates and Willmott (1990), Eischeid et al (1991), Leemans and Cramer (1991) and Hulme (1992) were based on the interpolation of precipitation gauge data onto grid points. The grid resolution of these studies varied from a large 5°latitude by 5°longitude as in Hulme (1992) to a fine 0.5°latitude by 0.5°longitude in Legates and Willmott (1990).…”

Section: Temperature Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The water balance climatology of the Mackenzie basin with reference to the 1994/95 water year

Louie¹,

Hogg²,

Mackay³

et al. 2002

Atmosphere-Ocean

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computed the mean annual basin temperature (T) to be -3.4°C, the mean annual basin precipitation (P) to be 421 mm and the mean annual basin evapotranspiration (E) to be 277 mm. A simple water balance was applied to test the consistency of the P and E fields with the observed basin discharge (Q). For the 24-year period 1972 to 1995, the mean annual residual (P-E-Q) for the water balance was -28.4 mm. This residual is a combination of errors in the three water balance components and the assumption of zero annual storage. It is within the estimation errors associated with the measurement and analysis methods used. Further analysis on the correlation of Q with the total basin net surface moisture supply (P-E) showed that P and (P-E) are most strongly correlated with Q with a 3-month lag, i.e., a discharge water-year of October-September corresponds best with a (P-E) year of July-June. In examining the seasonal correlation of T and E with Q, we found that summer T was significantly correlated with annual Q but there was no significant correlation between any seasonal E or annual Q. This suggests that although the Morton model estimates of E provided a reasonable magnitude for the long-term annual basin water balance, it cannot be considered reliable for year-to-year or shorter-term estimates of the basin evapotranspiration. In examining the 1994/95 water year, it was found to be the lowest discharge year (October-September) in the observed record. This is consistent with the 3-month lagged climate data year (July-June) which for 1994/95 has the largest (P-E) anomaly; it is also the driest year since 1950 having the warmest summer months on record and the third lowest precipitation on record.To demonstrate a practical application of the climate datasets generated by this study, we constructed a multilinear regression model for annual (October-September)

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A Comprehensive Precipitation Data Set for Global Land Areas

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Trends in Canadian precipitation intensity

Trends in Canadian precipitation intensity

The global footprint of persistent extra‐tropical drought in the instrumental era

The water balance climatology of the Mackenzie basin with reference to the 1994/95 water year

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