A Comprehensive Review about Employing Nanoporous Structures in Supercapacitors: Nanoarchitectonics, Recent Advances, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

One of the essential factors for constructing supercapacitors is to choose suitable materials for electrodes. In order to reach more energy in the long term, the composition of the electrode should be chemically and mechanically stable. Also, a high electrode/electrolyte surface area is required. Among various materials used in the electrodes, nanoporous composites have shown exciting results for energy storage applications. From this perspective, this Review provides a comprehensive study of nanoporous materials for supercapacitor applications. Carbon nanoporous materials, nanoporous MOF-derived, nanoporous metals, and hybrid porous materials are described in this paper. First, we look at the effect of porosity and other important related factors on the supercapacitor performance, then electrochemical properties of these materials and finally some examples of latest studies are provided. Moreover, a Ragone plot is included comparing these four types of porous materials to discuss the better composite in forms of higher energy density and power density. Additionally, future challenges and prospects are discussed. This Review brings insight into the development of designing electrodes for supercapacitors with high efficiency.