A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Traction Motor Control Techniques Suitable for Electric Vehicle Applications

Abstract

Transport and vehicular travel are essential for socio-economic growth, as they enable the operation of cities and businesses globally. However, large percentages of the transport sector currently rely on internal combustion engine vehicles, causing an increase in greenhouse gases and air pollution. Electric vehicles provide a promising solution to the issues faced by the transport sector. As a result, optimization of the electric vehicle powertrain is a key area, with the traction motor control mechanism forming a major component of the powertrain. Consequently, this paper aims to review the novel control techniques which have been applied to the traction motor system in electric vehicles. Direct torque control and indirect field oriented control are commonly applied control techniques as they allow for advanced control of the induction and permanent magnet synchronous motors currently used in most of the electric vehicles being produced. In general, various improvements have been made to conventional direct torque control and indirect field oriented control schemes, in order to reduce ripple and improve parameter insensitivity. While efforts are still being carried out in these areas for electric vehicle applications, it was found that there has been a large emphasis placed on powertrain efficiency improvement through optimization of the traction motor control system. Efficiency improvements have recently been achieved through optimal selection of stator flux and DC link voltage values. Research into efficiency improvement is likely to continue as extended vehicle range can be achieved.

Novel Quasi-Three-Dimensional Modeling of Axial Flux In-Wheel Motor With Permanent Magnet Skew

“…The PM skew angles are 0, 2, 4, and 6 degrees, respectively, and the analysis results for each model are compared in Table III. For the calculation of the electromagnetic torque, the open-circuit field reconstructed by the shape sweeping of the basis function corresponding to each skew angle in (11), (12) was used. It is noted that the cogging torque is reduced due to PM skew, but the load torque is also reduced.…”

“…In particular, its structural features make it suitable as an in-wheel motor in electric vehicles [5]- [8]. Since precise control in electric vehicles directly contributes to driving performance, accurate and rigorous design is required for driver comfort [9]- [12].…”

A Power Cable Reference Frame dqn Model for Fundamental Frequency Analysis

“…Equations ( 19), (20), and ( 21) can be written now in dqn reference frame for constant capacitance value as:…”

Trends and Emerging Technologies for the Development of Electric Vehicles

“…Despite significant advances in fundamental research on battery materials, powertrains, and control strategies for EVs at the technical level, much remains to be accomplished for the successful commercialization of EVs, especially in most developing countries. At present, there have been good reviews that summarize the development and technical status of various EV technologies, including battery technologies [18,19], motor technologies [20,21], charging technologies [22,23], powertrain systems [23,24], etc. Although the previous analyses and summaries of EVs are very comprehensive and detailed, the emergence and rapid development of the above-mentioned new technologies and their successful application in EVs have set off a new revolution in the field of EVs, which calls for a timely review.…”