A comprehensive review of biodiesel production methods from various feedstocks

Selvaraj, Raja; Praveenkumar, R.; Moorthy, I. Ganesh

doi:10.1080/17597269.2016.1204584

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The reaction using homogeneous catalysts can be mediated by acidic or alkaline compounds disposed in liquid formulations. Alkaline transesterification in homogeneous medium is the technique most employed at industrial level for the biodiesel production, once the process offers high reaction yields in short intervals of time [7,9,17,38,49]. Baskar and Aiswarya [35] cite that homogeneous alkaline catalysis can be up to 4,000 times faster than acid catalysis to achieve an equivalent biodiesel yield.…”

Section: Homogeneous Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, we live in a society where the demand for energy is constantly growing, intensifying the exploration of nonrenewable fuels and consequently leading to energy crises and environmental issues [4][5][6][7]. Thus, the search for a fuel from renewable sources that at the same time being safe, "greener," and socially benign, has influenced several studies in recent years [8][9][10][11][12]. In this scenario, the biodiesel has become a promising alternative to petrodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Wancura

Tres

Jahn

et al. 2019

Biotech and App Biochem

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Enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel showed advantageous characteristics in relation to other technologies once it works under bland conditions, no generation of wastewater, no occurrence of saponifications reactions and production of a biodiesel with high quality. Although many researches still apply immobilized lipases, the high costs associated with this biocatalyst hamper the economic viability of the process. Lipases in free/soluble/liquid formulation employed to biodiesel production via hydroesterification reaction have attracted interest from researchers because they are more cost effective than the immobilized form, making the enzymatic route more competitive. In addition, soluble lipases present higher reaction rates, reducing the time required to obtain a satisfactory biodiesel yield. Despite the fact that already exist industrial plants producing biodiesel with the assistance of lipases in liquid formulation, results of researches show that the process still needs to overcome some drawbacks. This paper is a comprehensive and critical discussion on the publications where soluble lipases were applied on biodiesel synthesis, as well as the challenges that the technology faces and its current status in pilot and industrial applications.

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Section: Homogeneous Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Wancura

Tres

Jahn

et al. 2019

Biotech and App Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The raw material selection and catalyst type play significant roles in the economic viability of biodiesel production [32]. In addition, to improve the biodiesel production, recently new research has been focused on the use of advanced transesterification reactors [24]; the use of novel transesterification by enzyme that has advantages in terms of conversion, yield and reusability conversion, yield and reusability [33], and the production of third-and fourth generation biodiesel [27].…”

Section: General Aspects Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on Biodiesel Production Caused by Feed Oil Changes in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor

et al. 2020

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Continuous production processes and an adequate supply of raw materials are necessary to satisfy the growing demand for biodiesel. The use of different feed oils could be necessary to ensure sufficient supply for biodiesel production in certain circumstances; however, changing feed oil during the operation of a continuous reactor causes process disturbances. The present study analyses the effect of feed oil changes on the continuous operation of a industrial continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) using a model which takes the dynamics of oil changes into account. The models previously reported only consider the operation of reactor with only one vegetable oil. The model in this work was developed by mass and energy balances. A methodology to model oil changes is presented. Glycerides and esters were characterized using adequate approaches. Moreover, accurate methods for predicting essential properties in the biodiesel manufacturing were used for the estimation of their thermo-physical properties. The kinetic parameters of the transesterifications were calculated from consistent studies selected from an exhaustive literature revision. The results show that temperature is practically not affected after oil changes; however, the ester concentration varies considerably. The ester mass fraction varying by up to 22.07% after an disturbance.

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“…Biodiesel is mainly derived from food oils [7,8], but the biodiesel produced is expensive due to the high cost of these feedstocks. To address this problem, waste and nonedible materials have been proposed as alternatives for producing biodiesel [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this method effectively converts fatty acid into biodiesel, the downstream process for catalyst removal is difficult [17]. Notably, liquid acid catalysts cause environmental pollution 2 of 15 and corrosive damage to equipment, raising concerns about their use [7]. To overcome the obstacles of liquid acid catalyst use, different solid acid catalysts have been proposed for the esterification such as Propyl-SO3H-SBA-15 [18], Amberlyst-36 [18], WO3-USY zeolite [19], HZSM-5 [20], Amberlyst-15 [21], biocatalysts [21], and ZrO 2 -TiO 2 nanorods [22]; however, these solid catalysts exhibit low stability and catalytic activity, thus requiring high catalyst quantities and long reaction times, and they result in a low conversion yield [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study

et al. 2020

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This study developed a microwave-mediated noncatalytic esterification of oleic acid for producing ethyl biodiesel. The microwave irradiation process outperformed conventional heating methods for the reaction. A highest reaction conversion, 97.62%, was achieved by performing esterification with microwave irradiation at a microwave power of 150 W, 2:1 ethanol:oleic acid molar ratio, reaction time of 6 h, and temperature of 473 K. A second-order reaction model (R2 of up to 0.997) was established to describe esterification. The reaction rate constants were promoted with increasing microwave power and temperature. A strong linear relation of microwave power to pre-exponential factors was also established, and microwave power greatly influenced the reaction due to nonthermal effects. This study suggested that microwave-assisted noncatalytic esterification is an efficient approach for biodiesel synthesis.

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A comprehensive review of biodiesel production methods from various feedstocks

Cited by 43 publications

References 100 publications

Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Effects on Biodiesel Production Caused by Feed Oil Changes in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor

Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study

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