A Comprehensive Review of Cervical Cancer Screening Devices: The Pros and the Cons

Abstract

According to World Health Organization, cervical cancer is ranked as the fourth most common cancer among women, where there were approximately 570,000 diagnosed cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018 (World Health Organization, 2020). Majority of the diagnosed cases and deaths are from developing countries, where there are lack of screening programs and treatment plans for cervical cancer. In developed countries, early intervention such as early-stage screening and treatment programs has successfully reduced cervical cancer incidence and death rate. The difference in incidence rate between developed and developing country is huge, whereby the highest age standardized incidence rate is seen in Swaziland at 75.3 per 100,000 women whereas the incidence rate for European regions is between 6.8 to 9 per 100,000 only in 2018 (World Cancer Research Fund, 2018). In Southeast Asia, cervical cancer incidence rate is 17.2 per 100,000.The main cause of cervical cancer is HPV, which is