A Comprehensive Review of Concentrated Growth Factors and Their Novel Applications in Facial Reconstructive and Regenerative Medicine

Chen, Jianguo; Jiang, Haiyue

doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01620-6

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Special centrifugation speed can activate platelets and increase the frequency of collision and rupture between platelets; this induces the platelets to release many growth factors and cytokines. In the process of platelet activation, growth factors in CGF are released slowly, ensuring that the concentration of growth factors is maintained at a certain level for a period of time (8–10 days), thus contributing to the repair of damaged tissues [ 25 , 26 ]. It has been reported that direct injection of CGF into the face can smoothen wrinkles for a long time without side effects such as infection, scar, pigmentation, and inflammation [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrated growth factor inhibits UVA-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts via the MAPK/AP-1 pathway

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2020

Bioscience Reports

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced photoaging is one of the contributors to skin aging. UV light triggers oxidative stress, producing a large number of matrix metalloproteinases and degrading the extracellular matrix in skin cells, thereby causing a series of photoaging symptoms. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin biomaterial that plays a protective role in the occurrence and development of skin photoaging. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of CGF in the UVA-induced photoaging of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). A primary culture of HDFs was isolated from normal human facial skin. The cells were treated with CGF following UVA radiation. Proliferation of cells was detected using MTT assay, followed by measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of P38, c-Jun, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. CGF was found to improve cell viability by inhibiting the production of ROS and reducing oxidative damage. In addition, there was lower expression of p38 and c-Jun at the mRNA and protein levels following CGF treatment, thus resulting in the inhibition of MMP-1 expression. Our results suggest that CGF could protect HDFs against UVA-induced photoaging by blocking the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/activated protein-1 (P38MAPK/AP-1) signaling pathway. These findings provide a new clinical strategy for the prevention of skin photoaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrated growth factor inhibits UVA-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts via the MAPK/AP-1 pathway

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2020

Bioscience Reports

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“…It can induce angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. 8 FGF is another mitogenic and F I G U R E 4 Forest plot: number of skin graft loss F I G U R E 5 Forest plot: cases of haematoma formation, skin graft oedema and weeping occurrence on recipient sites angiogenetic factor for a broad range of cells, and can promote angiogenesis and wound healing. 10 Leucocytes in PRP may interact with platelets, which will increase release of anti-inflammatory factors and further switch inflammatory process towards a regenerative phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth factors in PRP are mostly represented by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin growth factor-1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor. 8 These growth factors can promote proliferation of endothelial cells, epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts, and increase angiogenesis. [8][9][10] The potential clinical application of PRP in skin graft might rely on its haemostasis, adhesive, antibacterial and healing properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple growth factors and bioactive proteins are stored in α‐granules of platelets. Growth factors in PRP are mostly represented by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin growth factor‐1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor 8 . These growth factors can promote proliferation of endothelial cells, epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts, and increase angiogenesis 8‐10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The application of platelet‐rich plasma for skin graft enrichment: A meta‐analysis

Chen

Wan

Yang

et al. 2020

International Wound Journal

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Existing evidence demonstrated that the role of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in skin graft enrichment is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRP for skin graft. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomised controlled trials that compared outcomes of skin graft treated with PRP versus those treated with blank controls. The outcomes mainly included the rate of skin graft take, number of skin graft loss and haematoma formation, and complications. There were 11 studies involving a total of 910 cases of skin grafts. Compared with the control group, PRP group had a significantly higher rate of skin graft take (mean difference = 5.47%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.80%‐8.14%; P < .0001), fewer number of skin graft loss (risk ratio [RR] = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13‐0.55; P = .0004) and fewer cases of haematoma formation (RR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.54; P = .0006). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between two groups. This meta‐analysis summarises current evidence and indicates that PRP is a safe and effective adjuvant for skin graft enrichment.

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“…[12][13][14][15] Chen and Jiang reported that alternate centrifugated switching between acceleration and deceleration could provide more opportunities for collisions with the centrifuge tubes, which leads to more platelet rupture and growth factor release. 16 As CGF was produced by alternate centrifugation, CGF contains abundant autologous growth factors that can promote cell proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic properties in wound healing and bone regeneration. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Our recent studies revealed that CGF injection in hairless scalp could enhance the hair density and optimize the hairless appearance in AGA patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors Combined with Topical Minoxidil for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Tan

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2021

Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine

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Background: Minoxidil (MXD) is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the topical treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with minor side effects, but its hair growth (HG) effect is unsatisfactory. Methods: A double-blinded within-subjects randomized clinical trial was conducted on 16 male AGA patients who showed limited improvement after MXD treatment. Eligible participants received three concentrated growth factor (CGF) injections on half of the scalp and the placebo on the other side at 4-week intervals, and MXD was applied twice daily on both sides throughout the follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the HG ratio at V4. The secondary endpoints included the HG ratios at V2, V3, and V5; hair density and T/V ratio at V2, V3, V4, and V5; Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scores at V4 and V5; and participant satisfaction at V4. Results: Each group included 16 subjects; each half of the scalp was randomly assigned to the MXD+CGF or MXD group. The HG ratio at V4 was higher in the MXD+CGF group than in the MXD group. The MXD+CGF group had significant improvements in hair density, HG ratio, and T/V ratio compared with the MXD group over the follow-up period. The GAIS scores and participant satisfaction were higher in the MXD+CGF group than in the MXD group. Unexpectedly, the MXD+CGF treatment hastened HG, which was sustained for 3 months after discontinuation. No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusions: The combined treatment of MXD and CGF is safe and more efficient for AGA patients. Combining CGF can expedite the potency of MXD and provide patients with fast and lasting HG.

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A Comprehensive Review of Concentrated Growth Factors and Their Novel Applications in Facial Reconstructive and Regenerative Medicine

Cited by 43 publications

References 124 publications

Concentrated growth factor inhibits UVA-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts via the MAPK/AP-1 pathway

Concentrated growth factor inhibits UVA-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts via the MAPK/AP-1 pathway

The application of platelet‐rich plasma for skin graft enrichment: A meta‐analysis

Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors Combined with Topical Minoxidil for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

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