A Comprehensive Review of Defects Genealogy in Olivines: From the Mineral World to Modern Electrode Materials

Abstract

The “Learning from nature” strategy is currently going through a renaissance period in modern materials science. Valuable experience gained by observing existing natural materials—minerals—paves the way towards design and modification of prospective functional materials for energy storage, which typically inherit the peculiarities of the parental minerals. The faults and flaws of the crystal structure—its defects—play a crucial role in determining both mechanical and electrochemical properties of the electrode materials. In this review, we endeavored to rethink the defect chemistry in triphylite-type positive electrode materials for metal-ion batteries and reflected on it from the perspective of their mineral olivine counterparts, thus establishing important correlations between point defects in olivine minerals and related electrode materials, their origin and formation processes. This work is meant to review geoscience and materials science perceptions of defects in triphylite-type electrode materials for Li- and Na-ion batteries.

Empowering the Future: Exploring the Construction and Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Thus, the local agglomeration of matter tends to favor the deposition of a fine metallic lithium film, comparable to that deposited during an electro-deposition process [54]. Thereafter, the metallic lithium is very reactive, the interactions that can intervene between this layer of lithium and the electrolyte can accelerate the electrolyte deterioration process and the growth of SEI [55].…”