“…New perspectives on human resource management (HRM) have suggested that electronic human resource management (e-HRM), which applies applications supported by information technology (IT) to deliver human resource (HR) services, adds value for employees, managers, HR professionals, and the organization as a whole (Bondarouk, Parry, & Furtmueller, 2017;Bondarouk & Ruël, 2013;Parry, 2011;Geetha, 2014;Roman, 2017;Ruël & van der Kaap, 2012). Conversely, the conventional perspective of HRM suggests that paper-based, face-to-face HR systems, wherein employees and managers directly interact with the staff of the HRM department, add value to the organization (Fey, Björkman, & Pavlovskaya, 2000).…”