A comprehensive review of facial expression recognition techniques

R., Rashmi Adyapady; Annappa, B.

doi:10.1007/s00530-022-00984-w

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Approximately 55% of human-to-human communication is transmitted by facial expressions, according to studies [ 43 ], and facial expressions are the best tool for identifying human emotions and intentions [ 44 ]. The identification of facial expressions is important to artificial intelligence and has enormous promise in psychological research, driver fatigue monitoring, interactive game creation, virtual reality [ 45 ], intelligent education [ 46 ], and medical fields [ 47 ]. After recognizing facial expressions, Wu comprehended the emotional content of images and generated image captions using the Face-Cap model [ 48 ]; Cha used surface electromyography (sEMG) around the eyes [ 49 ] (sEMG reference) to react to the user’s facial expressions [ 50 ], thereby performing expression recognition.…”

Section: Biometric Recognition Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fingerprint Sensors: Mechanism, Characteristics, and Applications

Niu

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Identification technology based on biometrics is a branch of research that employs the unique individual traits of humans to authenticate identity, which is the most secure method of identification based on its exceptional high dependability and stability of human biometrics. Common biometric identifiers include fingerprints, irises, and facial sounds, among others. In the realm of biometric recognition, fingerprint recognition has gained success with its convenient operation and fast identif ication speed. Different fingerprint collecting techniques, which supply fingerprint information for fingerprint identification systems, have attracted a significant deal of interest in authentication technology regarding fingerprint identification systems. This work presents several fingerprint acquisition techniques, such as optical capacitive and ultrasonic, and analyzes acquisition types and structures. In addition, the pros and drawbacks of various sensor types, as well as the limits and benefits of optical, capacitive, and ultrasonic kinds, are discussed. It is the necessary stage for the application of the Internet of Things (IoT).

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Section: Biometric Recognition Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fingerprint Sensors: Mechanism, Characteristics, and Applications

Niu

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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“…Using improved PCA, or 2DPCA, one may get beyond the limitations of traditional PCA, such as the inability to compute the covariance matrix and the computational difficulty of getting Eigenvectors. In order to measure the parts of the face that best represents a facial expression, a unique extraction method based on the geometric approach is given [19]. This method requires computing six distances.…”

Section: Pure Science and Technology Applications (Scug-psta-2022)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Emotions on the Speed and Score of Computer Games

Sharif

Ghareb

Muhamad

2022

PJBAS

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This Research has examined how video game affects the performance of the player. Unity tool has been used to create an interactive game with several ball objects that accrue additional points for each participant. Different methods have been used to strike the balls, using the mouse, keyboard, combination of both, and facial emotion. Image processing techniques have been used to match the facial expression with the EMOGI of the balls the players hit. The performance of the game has been affected by facial expressions. The study demonstrates how widely used, and highly engaging face-emotion techniques are in video games. The usage of visual observation concerning traditional input control and emotion input has been examined, and the differences are demonstrated. Our results show that facial emotions improve the technology for video games; in our game, we tested three types of facial emotions: sad, happy, and angry.

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“…Facial expression recognition (FER) 1 is one of the key research directions in computer vision. It has been found that facial expressions account for more than 55% of the emotional information conveyed by humans 2 , and in populations with relatively poor language skills such as newborns and the elderly, expressions contain even richer information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on expression recognition based on improved mobilenetV2 network

Zhu,

Zhuang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This paper proposes an improved strategy for the MobileNetV2 neural network(I-MobileNetV2) in response to problems such as large parameter quantities in existing deep convolutional neural networks and the shortcomings of the lightweight neural network MobileNetV2 such as easy loss of feature information, poor real-time performance, and low accuracy rate in facial emotion recognition tasks. The network inherits the characteristics of MobilenetV2 depthwise separated convolution, signifying a reduction in computational load while maintaining a lightweight profile. It utilizes a reverse fusion mechanism to retain negative features, which makes the information less likely to be lost. The SELU activation function is used to replace the RELU6 activation function to avoid gradient vanishing. Meanwhile, to improve the feature recognition capability, the channel attention mechanism (Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SE-Net)) is integrated into the MobilenetV2 network. Experiments conducted on the facial expression datasets FER2013 and CK + showed that the proposed network model achieved facial expression recognition accuracies of 68.62% and 95.96%, improving upon the MobileNetV2 model by 0.72% and 6.14% respectively, and the parameter count decreased by 83.8%. These results empirically verify the effectiveness of the improvements made to the network model.

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A comprehensive review of facial expression recognition techniques

Cited by 37 publications

References 116 publications

A Review of Fingerprint Sensors: Mechanism, Characteristics, and Applications

A Review of Fingerprint Sensors: Mechanism, Characteristics, and Applications

The Impact of Emotions on the Speed and Score of Computer Games

A study on expression recognition based on improved mobilenetV2 network

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