A Comprehensive Review of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems: Converter Topologies, Control Strategies and Future Prospects

Abstract

The ever increasing trend of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power system has increased the uncertainty in the operation and control of power system. The vulnerability of RES towards the unforeseeable variation of meteorological conditions demands additional resources to support. In such instance, energy storage systems (ESS) are inevitable as they are one among the various resources to support RES penetration. However, ESS has limited ability to fulfil all the requirements of a certain application. So, hybridization of multiple ESS to form a composite ESS is a potential solution. While integrating these different ESS, their power sharing control plays a crucial role to exploit the complementary characteristics of each other. Therefore, this article attempts to bring the numerous control strategies proposed in the literature at one place. Various control techniques implemented for HESS are critically reviewed and the notable observations are tabulated for better insights. Furthermore, the control techniques are classified into broad categories and they are briefly discussed with their limitations. From the carried-out analysis, the challenges faced towards the implementation of HESS for standalone and grid connected microgrid systems are presented. Finally, the future directions are laid out for the researchers to carry out the research and implementation of HESS technologies. Overall, this article would serve as a thorough guide on various control techniques implemented for HESS including their features, limitations and real-time applications.

Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids

“…ESS can provide stability and enhance reliability for SG with massive penetration of RE [8,86]. In other words, it can compensate for RE intermittency.…”

“…ESSs are being developed in many ways and can be in the form of pumped hydro, compressed air, flywheel, batteries, and electromagnetic (supercapacitor), as shown in Figure 10 [86][87][88][89][90]. Storage plants can also assist in additional services like frequency stability and black start capability [8]. The ESS can also support the MG or SG by offering voltage support when there is low voltage in the ESN.…”

“…The trend for using distributed energy resources (DER), particularly renewable energy (RE) and energy storage systems (ESS), in the conventional electric grid (CEG) and also in the present power system infrastructure, has been given high priority in most nations. However, DER and ESS have increased progressively in the modern power system [8]. The main reason for the increased use of DER is due to the need for developing a decarbonized energy sector for the future.…”

Experts versus Algorithms? Optimized Fuzzy Logic Energy Management of Autonomous PV Hybrid Systems with Battery and H2 Storage

“…The underlying expert knowledge is generally not reported in enough detail to make external evaluation possible. Indeed, the tuning appears often to be a trial and error process based on some simulation model [28]. This is a disadvantage, given that the fuzzy rule base and the parametrization of membership functions have a large influence on the controller's performance.…”

Performance of Hybrid Filter in a Microgrid Integrated Power System Network Using Wavelet Techniques

“…The DES bears low power generation efficiency, high capital cost, deficiency to be dispatched from the centralized control center, and intermittency in the output power [1,4]. The DES, consisting of the non-conventional sources like photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and battery energy storage system (BESS), are incorporated to form the microgrid (MG) [5], which are interfaced to the power system and may actively operate on both grid-interactive and islanded condition [6,7]. PV and WT systems support each other during a day cycle.…”