A comprehensive review of in-situ polymer gel simulation for conformance control

Bai, Baojun; Leng, Jianqiao; Wei, Mingzhen

doi:10.1016/j.petsci.2021.09.041

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…As a result, a number of simulation studies have tried to simulate the preferential penetration mechanisms during gelant placement. However, IAPV has never been considered to be an important factor because of the ineligible model [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the IAPV model should contain the effects of influential factors and the dynamic properties during the polymer flow. However, no eligible numerical models have been reported and the reservoir simulators (i.e., CMG, ECLIPSE, VIP, and IORCoreSim) only considered a constant value for IAPV [ 35 ]. The drawbacks of the previous models are that once the IAPV is input into the simulator, the value does not change with the gel and rock properties, which may vary greatly during gelant placement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Numerical Model of Gelant Inaccessible Pore Volume for In Situ Gel Treatment

Leng

Sun

Wei

et al. 2022

Gels

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Inaccessible pore volume (IAPV) can have an important impact on the placement of gelant during in situ gel treatment for conformance control. Previously, IAPV was considered to be a constant factor in simulators, yet it lacked dynamic characterization. This paper proposes a numerical simulation model of IAPV. The model was derived based on the theoretical hydrodynamic model of gelant molecules. The model considers both static features, such as gelant and formation properties, and dynamic features, such as gelant rheology and retention. To validate our model, we collected IAPV from 64 experiments and the results showed that our model fit moderately into these lab results, which proved the robustness of our model. The results of the sensitivity test showed that, considering rheology and retention, IAPV in the matrix dramatically increased when flow velocity and gelant concentration increased, but IAPV in the fracture maintained a low value. Finally, the results of the penetration degree showed that the high IAPV in the matrix greatly benefited gelant placement near the wellbore situation with a high flow velocity and gelant concentration. By considering dynamic features, this new numerical model can be applied in future integral reservoir simulators to better predict the gelant placement of in situ gel treatment for conformance control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Numerical Model of Gelant Inaccessible Pore Volume for In Situ Gel Treatment

Leng

Sun

Wei

et al. 2022

Gels

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is worth noting that acrylamide is assumed to be a carcinogen and a neurotoxin. Therefore, Halliburton Co. developed a less toxic gel system that uses a temperature-activated, acrylate-based monomer [ 23 ]. The gelation process in this gel system can be controlled up to a temperature of 93.3 °C, and it provides an improved stability for 1 year at 148.9 °C.…”

Section: Different Types Of Crosslinked Polymer Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Gels Used in Oil–Gas Drilling and Production Engineering

Han

Sun

et al. 2022

Gels

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Polymer gels are widely used in oil–gas drilling and production engineering for the purposes of conformance control, water shutoff, fracturing, lost circulation control, etc. Here, the progress in research on three kinds of polymer gels, including the in situ crosslinked polymer gel, the pre-crosslinked polymer gel and the physically crosslinked polymer gel, are systematically reviewed in terms of the gel compositions, crosslinking principles and properties. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of polymer gels are also comparatively discussed. The types, characteristics and action mechanisms of the polymer gels used in oil-gas drilling and production engineering are systematically analyzed. Depending on the crosslinking mechanism, in situ crosslinked polymer gels can be divided into free-radical-based monomer crosslinked gels, ionic-bond-based metal cross-linked gels and covalent-bond-based organic crosslinked gels. Surface crosslinked polymer gels are divided into two types based on their size and gel particle preparation method, including pre-crosslinked gel particles and polymer gel microspheres. Physically crosslinked polymer gels are mainly divided into hydrogen-bonded gels, hydrophobic association gels and electrostatic interaction gels depending on the application conditions of the oil–gas drilling and production engineering processes. In the field of oil–gas drilling engineering, the polymer gels are mainly used as drilling fluids, plugging agents and lost circulation materials, and polymer gels are an important material that are utilized for profile control, water shutoff, chemical flooding and fracturing. Finally, the research potential of polymer gels in oil–gas drilling and production engineering is proposed. The temperature resistance, salinity resistance, gelation strength and environmental friendliness of polymer gels should be further improved in order to meet the future technical requirements of oil–gas drilling and production.

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“…With the increasing excessive water production problems of high-temperature and ultrahigh-temperature oil fields, the efficient and high-speed production of such oil reservoirs has been limited. − To further expand the sweep efficiency of injection water and thereby drive out more crude oil, it is necessary to screen or develop higher-performance materials for conformance control. − Since the high-temperature and ultrahigh-temperature petroleum reservoirs are generally buried deep, the distance that conformance control materials are pumped through the wellbore to the target formation is generally long. − Therefore, conventional inorganic plugging materials and in situ cross-linked polymer gels prepared with inorganic metal ions (e.g., Cr 3+ , Zr 4+ , and Al 3+ , etc.) have minimal applications due to their short gelation time at ultrahigh temperatures. ,− Therefore, the in situ cross-linked polymer gel prepared by organic cross-linkers (e.g., phenolic resin, polyethyleneimine, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanofiber-Enhanced HPAM/PEI Gels for Conformance Control in Petroleum Reservoirs with High Temperatures

et al. 2022

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Nanoparticles have recently been widely used in polymer gel systems to enhance gel strength. However, it is yet unclear how various types of nanoparticles affect the gelation characteristics of polymer gels. In addition, nanomaterials are rarely studied for enhancing the temperature resistance of polyethyleneimine (PEI) cross-linked polyacrylamide gels (i.e., HPAM/PEI gels). Under the urgent requirements of global carbon neutrality, this paper intends to use carbon nanofibers as gel performanceenhancing materials. Furthermore, the mechanism of their influence on the gelation properties and temperature resistance of HPAM/PEI gels was investigated. We evaluated the gelation time of the carbon nanofiber-enhanced HPAM/PEI gels at both 80 and 150 °C by the Sydansk method. The gelation properties and microscopic network structure of the gels were evaluated by rheometer, differential calorimetry scanning/thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that adding carbon nanofibers could delay the gelation time at 80 °C, and the gelation time of the polymer gel system reaching F was more than 6 days. On the other hand, the addition of carbon nanofibers could slightly shorten the gelation time of the polymer gel at an ultrahigh temperature of 150 °C. Moreover, the gel strength reached the highest when the addition amount of carbon nanofibers was 0.1%. The gel strength (G′) was as high as 12 Pa, and its stability was as long as 30 days, which was more temperature-resistant than that without adding nanofibers. The microstructure of carbon nanofiber-enhanced HPAM/PEI gels showed many tiny pore-like structures, which might be more conducive to heat dissipation and prevent dehydration. As a result, the carbon nanofiber-enhanced HPAM/PEI gel system had outstanding thermal stability and could be applied in ultrahigh-temperature reservoir conditions while maintaining high plugging strength. This study can present new ideas for improving the nanoparticle-enhanced HPAM/PEI gels in high-temperature petroleum reservoirs and further improving oil recovery, which has essential reference significance.

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A comprehensive review of in-situ polymer gel simulation for conformance control

Cited by 50 publications

References 108 publications

A Novel Numerical Model of Gelant Inaccessible Pore Volume for In Situ Gel Treatment

A Novel Numerical Model of Gelant Inaccessible Pore Volume for In Situ Gel Treatment

Polymer Gels Used in Oil–Gas Drilling and Production Engineering

Carbon Nanofiber-Enhanced HPAM/PEI Gels for Conformance Control in Petroleum Reservoirs with High Temperatures

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