A Comprehensive Review of Metamaterials/Metasurface-Based MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications

Kumar, Sunil; Singh, Harbinder

doi:10.1007/s10948-022-06408-0

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…In recent years, metamaterials and metasurfaces have garnered interest for their unique properties. These two materials appear to be capable technologies for enhancing microwave component performance and overcoming restrictions, particularly in antennas [108].…”

Section: Metamaterial/metasurface Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Aggarwal,

Roy,

Kumar

2024

PIER B

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The increasing volumes of data generated by social networking, cloud computing, e-commerce, and online video broadcasting necessitate the implementation of higher data rates. As the current 4G network encounters congestion and potentially struggles to accommodate the substantial data demand, there is a growing interest in millimeter wave (mmWave) technology. The 30-300 GHz mmWave spectrum is characterized by its broad bandwidth and low latency; it is having many applications in communication domains, also includes 5G cellular. Despite its atmospheric attenuation and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, the majority of nations have begun to implement mmWave 5G in the band of 28/38 GHz as a result of its reduced path loss exponent, minimal signal spread, and decreased atmospheric attenuation. While the patch antenna (single-element) is a compact and easily transportable choice for mmWave applications, its radiation efficiency, gain, and bandwidth are all subpar. Array antennas have effectively addressed these limitations by exhibiting significant enhancements in bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. It is still limited in the maximum data rates it can accommodate. The rate of data can be increased by a factor of one thousand using Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, which is enabled by geographical diversity and multiplexing techniques. As a result, the comprehension of structures of MIMO antennas operating at mmWave is imperative for the continued enhancement of performance. In comparing the efficacy of these designs, bandwidth, isolation, efficiency, gain, and radiation pattern are considered. In this paper, the most recent planar MIMO antenna designs, which are categorized as defected ground structures, Slot/Patch/Stub, MIMO Antenna Array, Dielectric Resonator Antenna, and Meta-Surface/Metamaterial Structures, are described. This paper also addresses the effects that slots, partial ground, and decoupling structures have on levels of isolation, bandwidth, and impedance matching. A comprehensive analysis of the design considerations and subsequent advancements is also provided in this paper.

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Section: Metamaterial/metasurface Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Aggarwal,

Roy,

Kumar

2024

PIER B

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“…It is the degree of independence from nearby antennas. ECC is calculated using equation (1) [5,41], and the ECC plot is shown in figure 11…”

Section: Diversity Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low specific absorption rate quad-port multiple-input-multiple-output limber antenna integrated with flexible frequency selective surface for WBAN applications

Govindan

Palaniswamy²,

Kanagasabai³

et al. 2023

Flex. Print. Electron.

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This paper presents the design and analysis of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) textile antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The MIMO antenna is comprised of four identical modified rhombus-shaped monopole antenna elements backed with a frequency selective surface (FSS) to improve gain and to reduce specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna has an impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ -10 dB) of 8.8 GHz (2.8-11.6 GHz) and isolation of >19 dB between the resonating elements. In order to assess the MIMO antenna's flexibility, the bending analysis is performed for various bending radii. The obtained diversity metrics are: Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.5 dB, diversity gain (DG) < 10 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.4 bits/s/Hz, and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < -10 dB. The antenna's performance with and without FSS is evaluated for SAR investigation. The SAR values are reduced from 6.99 Watt/Kg to 0.0273 Watt/Kg with the aid of FSS. A peak gain of 8.08 dBi and maximum efficiency of 96 % are obtained with the FSS. The designed antenna is suitable for smart textile applications due to its low SAR, high gain, and wider impedance bandwidth.

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“…to attain miniaturized multi-functional antenna [5]. Several novel approaches and their reviews have been proposed by researchers to meet the current requirements for advancement and development of 5G/6G network [6][7][8][9][10]. Multiband MIMO enables the use of multiple frequency bands simultaneously to cover the desired applications with reduced interference and size as mentioned in Figure 2(a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Challenges and Solutions of Multiband MIMO Antenna for 5G/6G Wireless Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Sharma,

Srivastava,

Khandelwal

et al. 2024

PIER B

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A comprehensive review of multiband MIMO antennas designed for wireless applications in the 5th and 6th generation (5G and 6G) networks is presented. The demand for higher data rates and improved spectral efficiency in advanced wireless networks continues growing, and multiband MIMO antenna systems have emerged as a promising solution. This review aims to provide an indepth analysis of the existing literature on multiband MIMO antennas for 5G and 6G wireless applications. The paper's main objectives are: (1) To emphasize the requisite of MIMO antenna for the sub-6 GHz of 5G/6G wireless communication, (2) To demonstrate various techniques to generate multi-band, (3) To highlight the challenges and their potential solutions to design multiband MIMO for 5G/6G, (4) To investigate the methods to attain circular polarization (CP) and pattern diversity for better system performance. The review critically analyzes the latest advancements, challenges, and future research directions for multiband MIMO antennas in the context of 5G and 6G wireless networks. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of multiband MIMO antennas and their potential to support the demands of the ever-evolving wireless communication technology.

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A Comprehensive Review of Metamaterials/Metasurface-Based MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications

Cited by 17 publications

References 105 publications

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Low specific absorption rate quad-port multiple-input-multiple-output limber antenna integrated with flexible frequency selective surface for WBAN applications

Design Challenges and Solutions of Multiband MIMO Antenna for 5G/6G Wireless Applications: A Comprehensive Review

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