A comprehensive review of microwave application on the oil shale: Prospects for shale oil production

Taheri-Shakib, Jaber; Kantzas, Apostolos

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121519

Cited by 78 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Oil shale is a sedimentary rock that can be used as a nonrenewable solid fossil fuel. , Oil shales are mainly composed of inorganic minerals and organic matter . As the main component of organic matter compactly mixed in minerals (such as montmorillonite, calcite, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Molecular Simulation Studies of Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen

et al. 2022

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Microscopic details on the intrinsic chemical reactivity of Huadian oil shale kerogen associated with electron properties of kerogen were investigated by the combination of experimental analyses and molecular simulations. Multimolecular structure models of kerogen with different densities were constructed for examining the accuracy of the proposed kerogen model. Results revealed that the simulated density of the kerogen model is in good agreement with the experimental value. Evaluation of the kerogen model revealed that the energy optimization process is mainly related to the change in the bond angle caused by atom displacement. According to the results from the Hirshfeld analysis of atomic charges, the S atoms in thiophene and S=O structures exhibit positive charges. By contrast, the concentration of electrons on the S atom led to the electronegativity of the sulfhydryl group. To investigate the distribution characteristics of electrons in kerogen, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of a complete kerogen molecule was calculated. Notably, this is the first report of an MEP diagram of the kerogen model that can provide valuable information on the determination of electrophilic or nucleophilic reaction sites for kerogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Molecular Simulation Studies of Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen

et al. 2022

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“…Oil shale, a well-known unconventional oil resource, is composed of fine-grained sediments [1,2], in which the precursors of commercially-extractable oil are formed as a result of low-temperature carbonization [3,4]. In recent years, shale oil has become an ideal supplementary source of conventional crude oil around the world [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Different Quality Oil Shales Developed in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, Yuqia Area, Northern Qaidam Basin, China

et al. 2022

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Oil shales are developed in the Shale Member of the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation in the Qaidam Basin, China. The oil shales can be classified into three quality groups (low-, medium-, and high-quality oil shales) through a comprehensive analysis protocol that includes Rock-Eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon (TOC) content, proximate analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), major and trace element analyses, and maceral analysis. The low-quality oil shales mainly contain type II1 kerogen, the medium-quality oil shales mainly contain type I-II1 kerogen, and the high-quality oil shales mainly contain type I kerogen. All are immature to early thermally mature. The oil yield of the oil shales is directly related to their quality and are positively correlated with TOC content and calorific value. All studied samples were deposited under anaerobic conditions but in different paleoenvironments. The low-quality oil shales were mainly deposited in fresh-water environments, whereas the high-quality oil shales were usually developed in highly saline and reducing environments. Salinity stratification and evidence of algal blooms that are conducive to organic matter enrichment were identified in both medium- and high-quality oil shales, the latter having the highest paleoproductivity and the best preservation conditions. In summary, shale quality is controlled by a combination of factors, including algal abundance, preservation conditions, the existence of algal blooms and salinity stratification, and paleoproductivity. This study reveals how these different factors affect the quality of oil shales, which might provide an in-depth explanation for the formation process of lacustrine oil shales.

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“…Given the difference in the dielectric constant and loss factor among various kinds of inorganic minerals, thermal stress is likely to occur in the interface between different inorganic minerals or inside the same inorganic mineral. Provided that the generated thermal stress exceeds mechanical strength of inorganic minerals, fracture will appear within the shale matrix and further increase shale reservoir permeability (Figure c), − thereby making CH 4 flow within the reservoir more easily . Overall, microwave irradiation has capability of enhancing desorption, diffusion, and flow performance of CH 4 within the shale reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, electromagnetic energy is transferred to heat energy via intensive friction between H 2 O molecules, thus resulting in rapidly increasing temperature of shale . Moreover, H 2 O in the pore could influence electromagnetic energy penetration and dielectric property of the shale matrix . Therefore, H 2 O undoubtedly affects the response of the shale matrix to microwave irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of H₂O of Gas-Bearing Shale in Its Physicochemical Properties and CH₄ Adsorption Performance Alteration Due to Microwave Irradiation

et al. 2021

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Microwave irradiation is available to produce shale gas. Practical gas-bearing shale reservoirs often contain water (H2O). Given the special physicochemical property of H2O and its occurrence rule in the gas-bearing shale matrix, the presence of H2O has potential effect on electromagnetic energy penetration and dielectric property of the shale matrix, therefore affecting application of microwave irradiation to produce the chief component of shale gas, that is, methane (CH4), from the shale reservoir. Hence, to further explore shale gas production via microwave irradiation, the impact of H2O of gas-bearing shale in its physicochemical property response to microwave irradiation was mainly investigated. The H2O dependence of CH4 adsorption capability alteration due to microwave irradiation was also addressed. The results indicate that microwave irradiation exerts minor impact on the micropore of both dry and moist shales but a noticeable impact on their mesopore. Specifically, both the mesoporous surface area and volume of dry and moist shales decrease after microwave irradiation. The presence of H2O further decreases the typical mesoporous parameters including pore surface area and pore volume of shales in general. Moreover, fractal analysis reveals that both the roughness of the pore surface and complexity of pore structure decrease for all the shales after microwave irradiation, and those of moist shale after microwave irradiation decrease even further, thus facilitating shale gas migration and diffusion within the shale matrix. As for the surface chemical property of shale, the total amount of oxygenic groups consisting of highly conjugated carbonyl, conjugated carbonyl, and carboxyl of dry shales rises after microwave irradiation, but the aromaticity drops. Also, the same changing rule in functional groups is also found for moist shale after microwave irradiation; however, the change is even more pronounced. Finally, the CH4 adsorption capacity of both dry and moist shales decreases after microwave irradiation. In comparison to dry shale, CH4 adsorption capacity of moist shale containing low total organic carbon (TOC) and H2O decreases, but that of moist shale with high TOC content and H2O content increases. These alterations in CH4 adsorption capability of various moist shales are relevant to their pore structure and functional group response to microwave irradiation. Overall, the presence of H2O is beneficial for further weakening the adsorption affinity between CH4 and the shale matrix and strengthening migration capability of CH4 under microwave irradiation, thus making microwave irradiation become a competitive technology regarding shale gas production.

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A comprehensive review of microwave application on the oil shale: Prospects for shale oil production

Cited by 78 publications

References 181 publications

Experimental and Molecular Simulation Studies of Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen

Experimental and Molecular Simulation Studies of Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen

A Comparative Study of Different Quality Oil Shales Developed in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, Yuqia Area, Northern Qaidam Basin, China

Role of H₂O of Gas-Bearing Shale in Its Physicochemical Properties and CH₄ Adsorption Performance Alteration Due to Microwave Irradiation

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A comprehensive review of microwave application on the oil shale: Prospects for shale oil production

Cited by 78 publications

References 181 publications

Experimental and Molecular Simulation Studies of Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen

Experimental and Molecular Simulation Studies of Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen

A Comparative Study of Different Quality Oil Shales Developed in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, Yuqia Area, Northern Qaidam Basin, China

Role of H2O of Gas-Bearing Shale in Its Physicochemical Properties and CH4 Adsorption Performance Alteration Due to Microwave Irradiation

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Role of H₂O of Gas-Bearing Shale in Its Physicochemical Properties and CH₄ Adsorption Performance Alteration Due to Microwave Irradiation