A Comprehensive Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in The Elderly

Abstract

NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are one of the most commonly prescribed pain medications. It is a highly effective drug class for pain and inflammation; however, NSAIDs are known for multiple adverse effects, including gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiovascular side effects, and NSAID induced nephrotoxicity. As our society ages, it is crucial to have comprehensive knowledge of this class of medication in the elderly population. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, current guidelines for NSAIDs use, adverse effect profile, and drug interaction of NSAIDs and commonly used medications in the elderly.

Resolvin D1 promotes efferocytosis in aging by limiting senescent cell‐induced MerTK cleavage

“…33 Other relevant age-related diseases like atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, periodontal disease, and Alzheimer's disease are also associated with imbalances in the SPM:LT ratio and restoration of defective SPMs to these pre-clinical models of disease resulted in protection. 40 Therefore, new therapies that can promote vascular homeostasis without disruption of inflammation-resolution are ideal. 3 This is an important distinction because anti-inflammation refers to the process of blocking pro-inflammatory processes, whereas pro-resolution involves a series of programs that initiate repair and regeneration 37 and are likely necessary for recovery and normal tissue function.…”

Clinical Pharmacology Considerations in Pain Management in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure

“…There are many reports in the literature of profound toxicity in patients with advanced CKD. (20). Clinicians should be cautious about their use in patients with CKD due to increased risks of bleeding, cardiovascular events, psychiatric events, and kidneyrelated complications in those with residual kidney function (Table 4).…”

Sonochemical Formation of Copper/Iron‐Modified Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Ketorolac Delivery

“…In all our sonochemical experiments, we used ah omemade horntype ultrasonic disperser (N. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] operating in continuous mode at af requency of 20 kHz with 400 Wm aximal output power.T his ultrasonic disperser was specifically designed by Cavitation Inc. (Belarus) for the preparation of emulsions and colloidal suspensions. The ultrasonic intensity of this ultrasonic device was calibrated by using acalorimetry method.…”

“…[7] In addition, its ability to selectively inhibit COX2 has important cardiovascular side effects that include increased risk of myocardial infarction,s troke, heart failure,a nd hypertension. [8] For human healthb enefits, one has to consider appropriate approaches for the administration of ketorolac at al ower dose over a shorter periodo fs ystemic exposure, while maintaining its therapeutic efficacy. [9] Nanomedicine offers beneficial approachesb ased on objects at the nanoscale, with the aim of increasing the drug surface area by reducing its size and modifying its surface to facilitate more rapid dissolution and absorption by at arget tissue.…”