A comprehensive review of recent progress of nanofluid in engineering application: Microchannel heat sink (MCHS)

Abstract

Nanofluid is a new class of heat transfer fluid that is introduced to enhance the heat transfer performance in various heat exchanging systems. Prior to invention of nanofluid, water is the most common fluid used to extract heat generated from the systems. The application of water has reached thermal bottleneck since it can only enhance the heat transfer performance up to a certain extent. The suspension of nanoparticles with enhanced thermal conductivity provides augmentation in heat transfer performance. Since then, nanofluids have received great interest from scientists and researchers due to significant higher thermal conductivity. Due to enhanced thermophysical properties, nanofluids can be incorporated into high heat transfer device such as solar thermal conversion system, heat exchanger, and electronic equipment. Understanding the factors that influence the heat transfer performance is extremely important for appropriate selection and implementation of nanofluids. The influence of nanoparticles material, nanoparticles size, nanoparticles concentration, nanoparticles shape and surfactant are reviewed systematically to provide a comprehensive understanding of nanofluids. The review aims to extensively discuss the application of nanofluids in engineering application such as microchannel heat sink (MCHS). Finally, the review aims to update the readers about the current progress of nanofluids along with challenges of nanofluids in engineering field.

Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Industrial Output-Based on GMM Model of Dynamic Panel Data in China

“…From a macro perspective, we can find that the economy has entered the stage of high-quality development with medium and high-speed growth. The transformation of the development mode has a profound impact on the production structure and energy structure [25].…”

Thermal and hydraulic performance of Al alloy-based 3D printed triangular microchannel heatsink governed by rough walls with graphene and alumina nanofluids as working liquid

“…Yaman et al [25] developed a 3D-printed liquid-cooled heat sink with guided vanes, reducing thermal resistance by 20.3%, while the temperature uniformity on the chip rose by 58.7%. Collins et al [26] explored a permeable membrane and manifold MCHS fabricated using DMLS [27], 3D printing process showing increased Nusselt number and a 56% lower pressure drop compared to the manifold MCHS. Interestingly, the influence of the microchannel wall surface roughness caused a transition from laminar to turbulent flow identified at R e ∼ 600 (D h = 500 µm).…”

“…Heris et al [25] performed an identical study, reporting that heat transfer in triangular microchannels can be improved by increasing the Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle concentration and reducing the diameter, but only at higher Reynolds number. Similarly, various simulations have been carried out to analyze how heat transfer and the pressure drop are influenced by the nanoparticle type, shape, and concentration, as well as the base fluid and surfactant effectiveness [26].…”

Stagnation Point Flow and Heat transfer of Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching/Shrinking Cylinder with Suction/Injection Effects

“…A nanofluid is defined as a fluid that contains nanoparticles, that is, nanometer-sized particles (Ali, [16]). According to Loon and Sidik [17], nanofluids are a new class of heat transfer fluids that have been introduced to enhance the heat transfer performance of various heat exchange systems. Before the invention of nanofluids, water was the most used fluid to extract the heat generated by the system.…”