A Comprehensive Review of Redirected Walking Techniques: Taxonomy, Methods, and Future Directions

Li, Yijun; Steinicke, Frank; Wang, Miao

doi:10.1007/s11390-022-2266-7

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the following, our intent is not to provide an exhaustive overview of RDW, but to make a case for utilizing APF as a contemporary algorithm for demonstrating the capabilities of the framework and the benefits of the generic improvements. An exhaustive overview of RDW techniques and algorithms can be found in [21]. The RDW decisions are based on context data produced by the HMDs, usually utilizing a combination of the following context information instances: the user's current and past physical locations, steering directions, and walking trajectories in the VEs [22].…”

Section: B Redirected Walking Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Full-Immersive Multiuser Virtual Reality With Redirected Walking

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We are witnessing a surge in the popularity and mass-availability of Virtual Reality (VR) technology. Toward enhancing its maturity, current research is focusing on achieving continuous full immersiveness of the VR users during their experiences in Virtual Environments (VEs), as well as on enabling multiuser experiences. In many cases, achieving the full immersiveness requires enabling the users' perception of walking naturally in unbound VEs. Redirected Walking (RDW) algorithms provide a solution to this problem by exploiting the limitations of the human spatial perception. In other words, the RDW algorithms are envisioned to unnoticeably steer the VR users for constraining them within a certain tracking space. Regardless of notable research efforts targeting RDW, there are still not many experimental evaluations of the performance of RDW algorithms, especially in multiuser settings and utilizing contemporary Head-Mounted Devices (HMDs). Toward addressing this issue, we have developed a modular framework that enables straightforward experimentation with single and multiuser RDW in different tracking spaces and for varying VEs. The capabilities of the developed framework were demonstrated by carrying out an extensive experimentation study to capture the performance and noticeability of a contemporary RDW algorithm for a varying number of users in different tracking spaces and VEs. The lessons learned during the study have been conceptualized in a form of a set of RDW design enhancements that can be generically applied to existing RDW algorithms. We show that the proposed enhancements significantly increase the overall performance of RDW and decrease the noticeability of RDW-supported experiences in VEs.

show abstract

Section: B Redirected Walking Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Full-Immersive Multiuser Virtual Reality With Redirected Walking

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the interactive method does not require a square shape but only a linear path wide enough for people to turn while remaining within the guardian. Comprehensive recent reviews of redirected walking can be found in Nilsson et al (2018), Li et al (2022), andFan et al (2023).…”

Section: Wipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique was combined with WiP by Razzaque et al (2002). Redirected walking is an area of avid interest over the years, and a comprehensive review was presented by Li et al (2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of two methods for moving through a virtual environment: walking in place and interactive redirected walking

Banakou,

Slater

2023

Front. Virtual Real.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Moving through a virtual environment that is larger than the physical space in which the participant operates has been a challenge since the early days of virtual reality. Many different methods have been proposed, such as joystick-based navigation, walking in place where the participant makes walking movements but is stationary in the physical space, and redirected walking where the environment is surreptitiously changed giving the illusion of walking in a long straight line in the virtual space but maybe a circle in the physical space. Each type of method has its limitations, ranging from simulator sickness to still requiring more physical space than is available. Stimulated by the COVID-19 lockdown, we developed a new method of locomotion which we refer to as interactive redirected walking. Here, the participant really walks but, when reaching a boundary, rotates the virtual world so that continuation of walking is always within the physical boundary. We carried out an exploratory study to compare this method with walking in place with respect to presence using questionnaires as well as qualitative responses based on comments written by the participants that were subjected to sentiment analysis. Surprisingly, we found that smaller physical boundaries favor interactive redirected walking, but for boundary lengths more than approximately 7 adult paces, the walking-in-place method is preferable.

show abstract

“…However, the position and orientation in the VE are also taken into account to enable alignment between the two spaces. A comprehensive overview of existing algorithms is given by Li et al (2022) and by Nilsson et al (2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the tracking spaces were static and predefined, so no extension during the simulation was possible. Li et al (2022) developed a taxonomy for RDW and then analyze both, the benefits and shortcomings more in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redirected walking for exploration of unknown environments

Lutfallah,

Ketzel,

Kunz

2024

Front. Virtual Real.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Real walking is the most natural locomotion method for exploring Virtual Environments (VE), enhancing the immersion of Virtual Reality (VR). Redirected Walking (RDW) is employed to enable real walking within limited tracking spaces in large VEs by subtly manipulating the mapping between the virtual and real environments. However, the effectiveness of RDW is greatly influenced by the convex shape and size of the manually defined physical tracking space, subsequently impacting the user’s immersive experience. To improve performance, one strategy is to integrate exploration methods from mobile robotics with RDW. This will expand the usable tracking space, facilitating dynamic environments and rapid exploration. For this, we adapted a Unity framework for an RDW algorithm to facilitate simulations for such an exploration. We conducted a simulation with artificially created non-convex explorable tracking spaces and pre-recorded path elements, simulating two adapted RDW artificial potential field (APF) concepts. Three conceptualized modes were applied: repulsive APF, exploration APF, and exploration APF with a distance threshold. Additionally, one APF was extended with a frontier-based exploration approach that utilized the path between the user’s position and a targeted frontier. The analysis revealed a significant trade-off between exploration and immersion. APF combined with frontier-based the exploration technique showed the fastest exploration speed, but - however - resulted in the lowest distance between resets.

show abstract

A Comprehensive Review of Redirected Walking Techniques: Taxonomy, Methods, and Future Directions

Cited by 23 publications

References 120 publications

Toward Full-Immersive Multiuser Virtual Reality With Redirected Walking

Toward Full-Immersive Multiuser Virtual Reality With Redirected Walking

A comparison of two methods for moving through a virtual environment: walking in place and interactive redirected walking

Redirected walking for exploration of unknown environments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About