A comprehensive review of the key technologies for pure electric vehicles

Li, Zhenhe; Khajepour, Amir; Song, Jong-Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.077

Cited by 448 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…Full electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, which involve only the pass process used in fully electric vehicles, have been improved to overcome these environmental and energy problems over the last ten years. Clearly, these vehicles are better than conventional vehicles in terms of fuel economy, but the aim of developing vehicle technologies is to produce fully electric vehicles [23].…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation

Hamurcu

Eren

2020

Sustainability

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Multicriteria decision-making tools are widely used in complex decision-making problems. There are also numerous points of decision-making in transportation. One of these decision-making points regards clean technology vehicle determination. Clean technology vehicles, such as electric buses, have some advantages compared to other technologies like internal combustion engine vehicles. Notably, electric vehicles emit zero tailpipe emissions, thereby ensuring cleaner air for cities and making these clean technologies preferable to other technologies, especially in highly populated areas for better air quality and more livable cities. In this study, we propose a multicriteria decision-making process using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in the context of an electric bus in the center of Ankara. Six potential electric bus alternatives were evaluated under seven specific criteria. Overall, EV-2 electric buses outperformed other electric bus alternatives based on the chosen criteria. In addition, the stability of the results obtained under different scenarios using this method was established via sensitivity analysis.

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Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation

Hamurcu

Eren

2020

Sustainability

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“…However, the limitations of these technologies, such as fossil fuel dependency in the former and limited driving autonomy as well as slow recharging rate in the latter, have paved the way for the emergence of other sources such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs) in electrified vehicles [4]. Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs), which are still at an initial phase of marketing progress, typically utilize a PEMFC stack as the primary source of power and a battery pack and/or a supercapacitor (SC) as the secondary one [5,6]. Therefore, the performance of a FCHEV is affected by many interconnected factors due to different nature of powertrain components.…”

Section: Introduction 1motivation and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

et al. 2020

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This paper studies the impact of two significant aspects, namely fuel cell (FC) degradation and thermal management, over the performance of an optimal and a rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). To do so, firstly, a vehicle model is developed in simulation environment for a low-speed FCHEV composed of a FC stack and a battery pack. Subsequently, deterministic dynamic programming (DP), as an optimal strategy, and bounded load following strategy (BLFS), as a common rule-based strategy, are utilized to minimize the hydrogen consumption while respecting the operating constraints of the power sources. The performance of the EMSs is assessed in different scenarios. The first objective is to clarify the effect of FC stack degradation on the performance of the vehicle. In this regard, each EMS determines the required current from the FC stack for two FCs with different levels of degradation. The second objective is to evaluate the thermal management contribution in improving the performance for the new FC compared to the considered cases in scenario one. In this respect, each strategy deals with determining two control variables (FC current and cooling fan duty cycle). The results of this study indicate that negligence of adapting to the PEMFC health state, as the PEMFC gets aged, can increase the hydrogen consumption up to 24.8% in DP and 12.1% in BLFS. Moreover, the integration of temperature dimension into the EMS can diminish the hydrogen consumption by 4.1% and 5.3% in DP and BLFS respectively.

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“…The development of electric vehicles continued rapidly until the invention of the internal combustion engine in 1885 . As a result of the advantages of electric vehicles alone, electric vehicles continued to be produced and used frequently in the late 1800s and early 1900s …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 As a result of the advantages of electric vehicles alone, electric vehicles continued to be produced and used frequently in the late 1800s and early 1900s. [6][7][8] In recent years, electric vehicle technology is completing the movement from research and development units to workshop stages. Now, these organizations have started to design electric vehicles according to the needs of the consumer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding mode controller‐based e‐bike charging station for photovoltaic applications

Huang

Feng

Ghaderi

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary PV‐based and wired type of the electrical bicycles (e‐bike) battery charging stations widely is spreading because of the resonant network limitations and low efficiency of the wireless mode for these stations. The generated voltage of many of the PV panels such as JIYANGYIN HR‐200 W‐24 V at the maximum power point is around 36VDC. So, a step‐down converter with a PID controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of the PV panels is considered between PV panels and boost converter in order to decrease this voltage and enhance the current values for the load side. A sliding mode controller (SMC) equipped with a non‐isolated DC‐DC boost converter with reduced voltage stresses on the power switch is presented. The step‐up converter increases the voltage to the utility level of the e‐bike with around 360 Wh amount of energy. The main concerns about the converters are the efficiency, voltage, and current stresses, number of active or passive components in the converter topology and simplicity. In comparison with a conventional step‐up converter, the selected converter has a lower dynamic loss in the input inductor that can give a proper efficiency by considering its higher voltage gain. The average state‐space model for the SMC is used and the main advantage of the controller is its independency to the inductor current or the amount of the load. The proposed SMC is compared with PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) methods and based on the results, the robustness, overshoot, and damping factor of the controller are at an acceptable and better level. All mathematical, simulation and comparison results are presented. A 720 Wh circuit has been implemented for charging all types of the Li‐Ion or Li‐Polymer batteries with 36VDC and 10 Ah specifications.

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A comprehensive review of the key technologies for pure electric vehicles

Cited by 448 publications

References 134 publications

Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation

Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

Sliding mode controller‐based e‐bike charging station for photovoltaic applications

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