A comprehensive review of the mechanisms and structure of interpenetrating phase composites with emphasis on metal-metal and polymer-metal variants

Asar, Ahmed; Zaki, Wael

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111314

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…This study not only contributes to understanding of the influence of nanofiber composition and structure on their physical properties but also opens new avenues for the tailored design of nanofiber based composites for advanced engineering applications [32]- [41], included an innovative recycled technologies of these materials [42]- [44]; because the modern industrial development has a high demand for new materials -with unique properties, combinations, and functionality [45]- [51].…”

Section: B Crystal Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Succinite Additives on the Crystal Structure and Orientation of Composite Pa6 Nanofibers

Lasenko

2024

ETR

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Give this article delves into the investigation of the crystal structure and crystalline orientation of composite polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers. The study aims to elucidate the impact of crystallinity and crystalline orientation on the properties of composite nanofibers, which were manufactured by the electrospinning process of Nylon 6/formic acid (HCOOH) polymer solutions at concentrations of 16%, 20% and 28%, incorporating 0.25% succinite powder with particle sizes ranging from 5 to 20 nm. The average diameters of the resulting nanofiber mats were systematically measured, revealing dimensions of 50±15 nm, 90±18 nm, and 340±78 nm, respectively. Using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis, the study provides a detailed examination of how the concentration of PA6 and the inclusion of organic succinite additives influence the crystal structure and crystalline orientation within the polymer matrix. In particular, it highlights the effects observed at smaller diameters of composite nanofibers, where enhanced macromolecular alignment is coupled with reduced crystallinity, marking the first comprehensive exploration of these phenomena in individual composite nanofibers. Research demonstrates that the relative distribution of different crystalline phases varies among samples with different average diameters. Notably, the sample with the smallest average diameter of 50 nm showcased a singular crystalline peak at 2θ=21.23°, closely aligning with the theoretically reported value for the γ phase (2θ=21.4°). On the contrary, samples with larger average diameters revealed progressively more distinct shoulders on X-ray diffraction patterns, indicative of the α phase. A notable increase of approximately 25% was observed as the diameter of the composite nanofibers decreased. Furthermore, the composite nanofibers of smaller diameter presented a narrower full width at Half Maximum (FWHM), suggesting enhanced orientation for both observed phases. This study not only contributes to understanding of the influence of nanofiber composition and structure on their physical properties but also opens new avenues for the tailored design of nanofiber based composites for advanced engineering applications.

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Section: B Crystal Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Succinite Additives on the Crystal Structure and Orientation of Composite Pa6 Nanofibers

Lasenko

2024

ETR

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“…Electrochemical testing comprised PDP and EIS, conducted using a three-electrode system. A standard calomel electrode (saturated potassium chloride solution) served as the reference electrode, with a platinum foil employed as the auxiliary electrode [19]. The TAD 3D /5A05Al was connected to copper wire, sealed with cold mounting resin, and used as the working electrode.…”

Section: Electrochemical Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, IPC preparation includes squeeze casting, pressureless infiltration, and vacuum pressure infiltration, with pressureless infiltration being simpler and more costeffective for industrial applications [17][18][19][20]. Despite the small pore size of 30 ppi of TAD 3D which presents a challenge for liquid 5A05Al infiltration under pressureless conditions, the presence of Mg in 5A05Al significantly improves its wettability with TAD 3D .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of 30 ppi TAD3D/5A05Al Composite in Neutral Salt Spray Corrosion

Li,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Metals

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This study created ceramic preforms with a 3D network structure (TAD3D) by using treated aluminum dross (TAD) and kaolin slurry, with 30 ppi polyurethane foam as a template via the sacrificial template method. TAD3D/5A05Al composites were then produced via pressureless infiltration of 5A05Al aluminum alloy into TAD3D. The corrosion behavior and resistance of TAD3D/5A05Al in salt spray were assessed via neutral salt spray corrosion (NSS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The results showed that after 24 to 360 h of NSS corrosion, the corrosion of the 5A05 matrix was primarily pitting, with pits expanding and deepening over time, and showing a tendency to interconnect. The main corrosion products were MgAl2O4, Al(OH)3, and Al2O3. As corrosion progressed, these products increased and filled cracks, pits, and grooves at the composite interface on the material’s surface. Corrosion products transferred to the grooves at the composite interface and grew on the ceramic surface. Corrosion products on the ceramic framework and the Al matrix can form a continuous passivation film covering the composite surface. PDP and EIS results indicated that the composite’s corrosion resistance decreased by 240 h but increased after that time. After 240 h, the surface passivation film can weaken corrosion effects and enhance the composite’s resistance, although it remained weaker than that of the uncorroded samples. Additionally, grooves at the composite interface deepened over time, with loosely structured corrosion products inside, potentially leading to severe localized corrosion.

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Mechanical Behaviors of Orthogonal Spiral Metal Skeleton–Polyurethane Elastomer Composites under Complex Loading Modes

Xue,

Ye,

Liu

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Herein, a novel material design strategy is proposed: an interpenetrating composite composed of a woven orthogonal spiral metal skeleton and polyurethane (PU) elastomer. This interpenetrating composite combines rigidity and flexibility, exhibiting excellent elasticity and deformation recovery. The deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the composites under various loading conditions are investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. Different degrees of warping behaviors occur in composites with various structural parameters under uniaxial tension. Alternating rotations and double spiral arrangements can significantly limit the warping phenomenon, with a maximum reduction of 78%. The bending load capacity is regularly increased by increasing the wire diameter and decreasing the pitch. Increasing the number of loaded spiral wires enhances the bending load capacity of the composites. Uniaxial compression tests demonstrate that the composites have excellent load‐carrying capacity and strain recovery, with compressive strength 1.5 times that of pure PU. Cyclic compression tests further illustrate the excellent energy consumption capacity and stability of the composites. Overall, the introduction of orthogonal spiral skeletons into the composites demonstrates the potential to achieve enhanced load‐carrying capacity and large strain recovery simultaneously.

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A comprehensive review of the mechanisms and structure of interpenetrating phase composites with emphasis on metal-metal and polymer-metal variants

Cited by 17 publications

References 124 publications

Influence of Succinite Additives on the Crystal Structure and Orientation of Composite Pa6 Nanofibers

Influence of Succinite Additives on the Crystal Structure and Orientation of Composite Pa6 Nanofibers

Corrosion Behavior of 30 ppi TAD3D/5A05Al Composite in Neutral Salt Spray Corrosion

Mechanical Behaviors of Orthogonal Spiral Metal Skeleton–Polyurethane Elastomer Composites under Complex Loading Modes

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