A comprehensive review of the production methods and effect of parameters for glycerol-free biodiesel production

Wong, Wee-Shen; Lim, Steven; Pang, Yean Ling; Shuit, Siew-Hoong; Lam, Man Kee; Tan, Isa M.; Chen, Wei‐Hsin

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113397

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…To address these issues, various technologies in biodiesel production have been investigated, including supercritical processes and interesterification. These methods have the potential to produce valuable byproducts such as triacetin, glycerol carbonate, or glyceroltert-butyl ether, offering alternatives to the traditional crude glycerol byproduct [10,[12][13][14][15]. These technologies not only improve the overall efficiency of biodiesel synthesis, but they also provide the possibility of addressing the issues connected with expensive feedstocks and glycerol disposal [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods have the potential to produce valuable byproducts such as triacetin, glycerol carbonate, or glyceroltert-butyl ether, offering alternatives to the traditional crude glycerol byproduct [10,[12][13][14][15]. These technologies not only improve the overall efficiency of biodiesel synthesis, but they also provide the possibility of addressing the issues connected with expensive feedstocks and glycerol disposal [12]. Recently, glycerol produced from biodiesel process was used as a cosolvent for hydrothermal liquefaction of kraft lignin for the production of bio-oil with antioxidant properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies have investigated the viability of interesterification as an alternative to typical transesterification reactions, focusing on different reaction parameters [12,19]. These studies include a variety of catalytic systems, including homogeneous [20], heterogeneous [21], and enzymatic techniques [12], as well as non-catalytic systems [22]. Most of the published research has focused on homogeneous catalysts, which are known for their simplicity and cost-effectiveness in terms of materials and operation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies include a variety of catalytic systems, including homogeneous [20], heterogeneous [21], and enzymatic techniques [12], as well as non-catalytic systems [22]. Most of the published research has focused on homogeneous catalysts, which are known for their simplicity and cost-effectiveness in terms of materials and operation [12]. Supercritical methyl acetate has also been investigated for non-catalytic triglyceride conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycerol-Free Biodiesel via Catalytic Interesterification: A Pathway to a NetZero Biodiesel Industry

Youssef,

Khaled,

Aboelazayem

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Conventional biodiesel manufacturing uses alcohol as an acyl acceptor, resulting in glycerol as a side product. The increased demand for biodiesel has led to the production of a substantial surplus of glycerol, exceeding the market need. Consequently, glycerol is now being regarded as a byproduct, and in some cases, even as waste. The present study aims to suggest an economically viable and ecologically friendly approach for maintaining the viability of the biodiesel sector. This involves generating an alternative byproduct of higher value, rather than glycerol. Triacetin is produced through the interesterification of triglycerides with methyl acetate, and is a beneficial ingredient to biodiesel, reducing the need for extensive product separation. The primary objective of this research is to improve the interesterification reaction by optimising process parameters to maximise biodiesel production while using sulphuric acid as an economically viable catalyst. The study utilised the Box–Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the influence of various process variables on biodiesel yield, such as reaction time, methyl acetate to oil molar ratio, and catalyst concentration. An optimisation study using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) focused on key process reaction parameters, including the methyl acetate to oil (MA:O) molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and residence time. The best conditions produced a biodiesel blend with a 142% yield at a 12:1 MA:O molar ratio, with 0.1 wt% of catalyst loading within 1.7 h. The established technique is deemed to be undeniably effective, resulting in an efficient biodiesel production process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycerol-Free Biodiesel via Catalytic Interesterification: A Pathway to a NetZero Biodiesel Industry

Youssef,

Khaled,

Aboelazayem

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…One of the materials which matches the abovementioned requirements is matter organic non-glycerol [16], which is an example of a byproduct in the biodiesel production process [17,18]. Diesel fuel is one of the most widely used hydrocarbon fuels in transport as well as heat and power generation [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Post-Refining Waste MONG to Gaseous Fuel in a Rotary Gasifier

Sitka,

Szulc,

Smykowski

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Biodiesel manufacturing frequently employs sustainable materials like soybeans, microorganisms, palm extract, jatropha plant, and recycled frying oils. The expansion of biodiesel manufacturing has escalated the volume of waste byproducts, encompassing glycerin and non-glycerin organic matter (MONG), jointly known as raw glycerin. MONG is characterized by a low calorific value, a high autoignition temperature, and significant viscosity at room temperature. As a waste product, it negatively affects the natural environment due to the lack of viable disposal methods. Hence, there is a need for its conversion into high-calorific gaseous fuel with significantly less environmental impact. One of the methods for converting MONG into gaseous fuel is the pyrolysis process. This study describes the pyrolytic conversion of MONG conducted on a test stand consisting of a rotating chamber with a shell filled with liquid lead as a heating medium. Based on the measurements and balance calculations, the amount of heat required to preserve the autothermal process was determined. The calorific value and composition of the pyrolytic gas were measured, revealing that 70% of the gas involves compounds characterized by a high calorific value. As a result, the calorific value of dry, purified gas equals 35.07 MJ/kg. A life cycle assessment has been conducted, in order to determine if the produced gaseous fuel matches sustainable development criteria. MONG-based gas is a sustainable replacement of, e.g., natural gas, lignite, or hard coal; however, it allows us to avoid 233–416 kg/h CO2 emissions per 1 MWt of heat.

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