A Comprehensive Review of the Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease and Its Treatment

Gala, Dhir; Scharf, Shelbie; Kudlak, Megan; Green, Christian; Khowaja, Faisal; Shah, Mili; Kumar, Vikash; Ullal, Gautam

doi:10.3390/diseases10040111

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…Deficiencies in such vitamins as B6, B12, folate and such minerals as copper resulting from malabsorption could potentially be causes of neuropathy (55). While nutritional deficiencies are rarely the sole cause of neurological symptoms, it is important to consider and investigate them since they can be easily remedied.…”

Section: Gluten Neuropathy Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Riluzole, Troriluzole, CAD-1883 and TAK-831 Riluzole act by promoting the opening of a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel opener and enhancing glutamate transporters. This ultimately helps improve the functioning of Purkinje cells (55). The promotion and enhancement of these mechanisms work together to reduce over-firing in Purkinje cell fibers, thereby alleviating the symptoms of ataxia.…”

Section: What Does the Future Hold For Additional Treatment Options?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The promotion and enhancement of these mechanisms work together to reduce over-firing in Purkinje cell fibers, thereby alleviating the symptoms of ataxia. However, it remains unclear whether these drugs can provide benefits for patients experiencing recurring gluten ataxia while strictly adhering to a GFD (55).…”

Section: What Does the Future Hold For Additional Treatment Options?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic and Treatment Options to the Patients Presenting with Neurological Symptoms Caused by Celiac Disease

Jakubauskas,

Mameniškienė

2024

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Celiac disease (CD) is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by the immune system’s response to gluten, involving both innate and adaptive immune reactions. It leads to various neurological issues, such as gluten ataxia, gluten neuropathy, epilepsy, and gluten encephalopathy. Although neurological presentations are rare in children, they are observed in up to 36% of adult patients with CD. Recent evidence suggests that these manifestations may be linked to gluten-related mechanisms, including antibody cross-reactions, immune-complex deposition, direct neurotoxicity, and, in severe cases, vitamin or nutrient deficiencies. However, there is still no consensus on whether serological, neurophysiological, or neuroimaging findings can effectively diagnose and monitor CD-associated neurological problems at an early stage. The identification of multimodal biomarkers and suitable neuroimaging tools could aid in the diagnosis, monitoring, and enhancement of the quality of life for individuals with neuroceliac disease. Nonetheless, it is essential to provide appropriate treatment to those with CD and neurological symptoms, as prolonged suffering may lead to irreversible disability. The primary treatment for neurological manifestations of gluten-related disorders is a strict gluten-free diet, although a small number of patients may require additional immunosuppressive therapy, typically using mycophenolate or intravenous immunoglobulins. In this literature review, our aim was to explore the relevant neurological disorders associated with CD, early diagnostic and treatment options to prevent related disability in affected patients. Clinicians should consider CD as a potential cause in individuals presenting with unexplained neurological dysfunction.

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Section: Gluten Neuropathy Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Does the Future Hold For Additional Treatment Options?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Does the Future Hold For Additional Treatment Options?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic and Treatment Options to the Patients Presenting with Neurological Symptoms Caused by Celiac Disease

Jakubauskas,

Mameniškienė

2024

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“…These conditions can be the only manifestations of CeD and are often under-recognized [ 72 ]. Updates on the relevant neurological manifestations of CeD have been presented by Patel et al [ 73 ] and Gala et al [ 74 ]. They are rare in children but as many as 36% of adult CeD patients present with neurological findings [ 75 ].…”

Section: Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Celiac Disease, Extra-Gastrointestinal Manifestations, and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Overview

Santonicola,

Wieser,

Gizzi

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Millions of children and adults worldwide suffer from undiagnosed and untreated celiac disease (CeD). The clinical picture of CeD is highly heterogeneous and comprises manifestations that can affect almost the whole body. This narrative overview is aimed at characterizing diseases and complaints that are associated with unrecognized CeD and that frequently involve sites other than the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract, i.e., dental, otorhinolaryngological, and ocular complications; skin and hair abnormalities; afflictions of the bones, joints, and muscles; cardiovascular affectations; kidney diseases; neuro-psychiatric disorders; and gynecological–obstetrical manifestations. The association between CeD and extra-GI manifestations is frequently overlooked, which leads to a delay in diagnosis. Most CeD-mediated disorders can be treated with a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), but some of them are irreversible unless CeD is diagnosed in time. Some manifestations can be classified as risk factors for CeD, and CeD screening tests for affected patients should be selectively considered. Apart from gastroenterologists, specialists in other medical disciplines can play an important role in identifying people with unrecognized CeD and may help prevent its progress and long-term complications. Further comprehensive investigations are necessary to clarify the pathogenesis of extra-GI manifestations and the effect of a GFD.

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“…Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic inflammatory illness caused by gluten consumption in genetically predisposed individuals and characterized by gluten-induced immune-mediated enteropathy [1]. The primary clinical manifestation is an autoimmune enteropathy linked to a particular set of circulating autoantibodies and a particular haplotype of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults

Alkhiari¹

2023

Cureus

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Celiac disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines, affects 0.7% to 1.4% of the world's population. CD causes diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, bloating, flatulence, and, in rare cases, constipation in the digestive tract. Since the identification of gluten as the disease-causing antigen, CD patients have been treated with a gluten-free diet, which is advantageous but has limitations for certain patient groups. CD is associated with mood disorders, such as manic-depressive disease, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, as well as other disorders such as depression and anxiety. The relationship between CD and psychological issues is not entirely understood. Here, we look at the most recent psychiatric data as they pertain to CD, as well as the relevant psychiatric manifestations that have been associated with this condition. Clinicians should examine mental health factors when a CD diagnosis is established. More research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of CD's psychiatric manifestations.

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A Comprehensive Review of the Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease and Its Treatment

Cited by 8 publications

References 129 publications

Diagnostic and Treatment Options to the Patients Presenting with Neurological Symptoms Caused by Celiac Disease

Diagnostic and Treatment Options to the Patients Presenting with Neurological Symptoms Caused by Celiac Disease

Associations between Celiac Disease, Extra-Gastrointestinal Manifestations, and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Overview

Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults

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