A comprehensive review of thermal adaptive strategies in outdoor spaces

Shooshtarian, Salman; Rajagopalan, Priyadarsini; Sagoo, Amrit

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.06.005

Cited by 85 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Thermal comfort (International Standards Orgainzation ISO 7730 (2005) [45]) is known as the state of mind that expresses satisfaction with the surrounding environment, implying that comfort is a physiological and psychological condition. Numerous researchers have argued that thermal sensations differ among individuals occupying the same place, due to the combination of a number of variables, including state of mind, culture, and social perceptions [22]. In spite of the fact that this depiction suggests psychological influences, thermal comfort has been examined exclusively from a physical point of view [46].…”

Section: Thermal Comfort: International Standards Orgainzation Iso 77mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to minimise negative climatic effects on urban communities, urban design and planning professionals should integrate atmospheric information into design strategies and create interfaces between the microclimate, outdoor thermal comfort, design guidelines, and urban planning regulations. However, the reconciliation of the climatic aspects within the planning and design process is challenging due to both the poor understanding of outdoor thermal indices, and a need for interdisciplinary collaboration between climatologists, urban planners, and urban simulation experts [18][19][20][21][22]. Accordingly, urban regulations and designs in hot climates, particularly in undeveloped countries, have usually been inspired by urban design principles and ideas from temperate climates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration of climatic analysis in the urban design phase is still limited in its adoption [19]. The lack of a valid climatic outdoor space design evaluation framework has been identified [18,22,109,110]. There is a need for a framework that can facilitate the relationship between quantitative and qualitative parameters, such as the local microclimate, thermal sensation votes, and human adaptation [76,109];…”

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confidence: 99%

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Behavioural Perspectives of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas: A Critical Review

Elnabawi

Hamza

2019

Atmosphere

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The thermal characteristics of outdoor urban spaces and the street networks connecting them are vital to the assessment of the liveability and sustainability of cities. When urban spaces are thermally comfortable, city dwellers spend more time outdoors. This has several benefits for human health and wellbeing, also reducing indoor energy consumption and contributing to local economy. Studies on outdoor thermal comfort have highlighted the need to develop interdisciplinary frameworks that integrate physical, physiological, psychological, and social parameters to assist urban planners and designers in design decisions. In this paper, an extensive literature review of outdoor thermal comfort studies over the past decade was undertaken, including both rational and adaptive thermal comfort approaches, from the contextualize the behaviour perspectives related to the use of urban space. Consequently, the paper suggests a comprehensive framework for evaluating the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative parameters linking the microclimatic environment with subjective thermal assessment and social behaviour. The framework aims to contribute to the development of exclusive thermal comfort standards for outdoor urban settings.

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Section: Thermal Comfort: International Standards Orgainzation Iso 77mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioural Perspectives of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas: A Critical Review

Elnabawi

Hamza

2019

Atmosphere

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“…The research trying to address outdoor thermal comfort is complex, as it is driven not only by meteorological conditions but also by the physiological and psychological attributes of individuals, which are not static, as psychological adaptation plays an essential role [42,43]. Consciously or unconsciously, people tend to adapt to local circumstances by modifying their clothing and activity patterns [44][45][46][47], looking to balance the meteorological conditions by improving their personal thermal sensations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Green Spaces on Outdoors Thermal Comfort—Structured Experiment in a Mediterranean Climate

Gonçalves

Ribeiro

Maia

et al. 2019

Climate

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As a growing part of the global population lives in cities, green spaces are an essential asset for improving quality of life. This study aims to address the role of green spaces in providing favorable thermal comfort conditions for the use of outdoor spaces. The research methodology consisted of a structured experiment where a defined set of individuals from different age groups was exposed to differentiated microclimate conditions. Four nearby locations were considered, ranging from a stone-paved surface without shade to high tree canopy coverage over grass. This experiment took place in three different days in summer and early autumn conditions, with a total of 432 questionnaires. Results show a wide range of thermal sensations found during this experiment, while more favorable thermal sensations were found in shaded locations. To investigate the role of prevailing meteorological and personal conditions on thermal sensations, multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied. Results show the influence of air temperature, global radiation, wind speed, and interviewees’ gender. As meteorological variables were influenced by the diverse contexts found within a close distance inside the studied green space, results from this structured experiment suggest the need for micrometeorological diversity in the local context as a means to promote greater adaptive opportunities for green spaces users.

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“…The positive role of wind corridors in creating an acceptable outdoor thermal environment has been well researched [14][15][16][17][18][19] and is recommended as a thermal adaptive strategy for many climate conditions [6,20]. Conversely, in cool seasons, strong wind blows induce thermal discomfort which can be mitigated by windbreakers or shields [21]. Consequently, the proper design of open spaces has a critical role in the formation of local wind environment and thermal comfort [19,22,23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Wind in Open Spaces

Shooshtarian

Rajagopalan

2019

Climate

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Dense urbanization influences the livability of cities. Changes in local meteorological conditions can be adverse for human health and well-being. In urban open spaces, it is widely known that changes in building density and configuration in cities influence wind speed (V a ). This influence modifies latent heat flux between the human body and surrounding environment and thereby affecting the thermal comfort conditions in open spaces between buildings. Several studies have demonstrated the significant effect of wind speed on outdoor thermal comfort. Melbourne's Central Business District (CBD) has recently experienced dense urbanization and this pattern of development has instigated noticeable changes in meteorological conditions. Some evidence has suggested that the patterns of wind flow induce thermal discomfort during cool seasons. Conversely, the wind is most welcomed during warm seasons. This study was conducted to assess outdoor users' responses to V a in three open spaces of an educational precinct in Melbourne's CBD. The open spaces studied are different in terms of design and function. Users' responses and meteorological conditions were examined through a series of field measurements and questionnaire surveys from November 2014 to May 2015. This study used three perceptual scales to analyze participants' experience of V a during field surveys: "Bedford preference", "thermal sensation" and "personal acceptability". Analytical results yielded the wind perceptual comfort thresholds for different seasons as well as the entire study period. The results suggested that in addition to the geometry of the urban open space, the function of place could influence people's perceptions of V a . The research findings contribute to developing thermally comfortable outdoor environments.Climate 2019, 7, 106 2 of 17 the factors that significantly influence people's thermal comfort, wind speed (V a ) was found to play a key role in cities and particularly in densely built-up areas and between buildings [5,6].Research on wind comfort perception is underpinned by four major methods: software simulations, field tests, wind tunnel tests and questionnaire survey [6]. Questionnaire survey on people's feeling about wind speed is believed to provide accurate, comprehensive and cost-effective method. Since this method evaluates the impact of four parameters (T a , RH, V a, and T mrt ) it is possible to gain an insight into the impact of V a in comparison with the other three parameters. Several studies have demonstrated the significant effect of V a on outdoor thermal comfort [7][8][9]. For instance, the study by Walton, Dravitzki and Donn [7] revealed that gustiness and V a were the most significant factors in shaping outdoor thermal satisfaction. The results of a questionnaire survey in Hong Kong [9] showed that participants were highly sensitive to V a fluctuations. In urban open spaces, it is widely known that recent drastic changes in the design of building density and configuration in cities influence V a profile [5,[10][11][1...

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A comprehensive review of thermal adaptive strategies in outdoor spaces

Cited by 85 publications

References 159 publications

Behavioural Perspectives of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas: A Critical Review

Behavioural Perspectives of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas: A Critical Review

Influence of Green Spaces on Outdoors Thermal Comfort—Structured Experiment in a Mediterranean Climate

Perception of Wind in Open Spaces

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