A Comprehensive Review of Toxoplasma Gondii Biology and Host-Cell Interaction: Challenges for a Plant-Based Vaccine

Sander, Valeria Analía; Angel, Sérgio O.; Clemente, Marina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90137-4_4

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Toxoplasma gondii is considered a parasite of veterinary and medical importance, because it may cause abortion or congenital disease in its intermediate hosts (Sander et al, 2018). Toxoplasmosis has two clinical phases in intermediate hosts: (i) acute, in which the highly replicative tachyzoite stage spreads throughout the body, and (ii) chronic phase, which involves the formation of tissue cysts, preferentially in the nervous system and skeletal muscle, which remain in the host for a lifetime (Delgado Betancourt et al, 2019;Stelzer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Therapeutic Targets Against Toxoplasma gondii: Update on DNA Repair Response Inhibitors and Genotoxic Drugs

Angel

Vanagas

Ruiz

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. This infection is transmitted to humans through oocysts released in the feces of the felines into the environment or by ingestion of undercooked meat. This implies that toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease and T. gondii is a foodborne pathogen. In addition, chronic toxoplasmosis in goats and sheep is the cause of recurrent abortions with economic losses in the sector. It is also a health problem in pets such as cats and dogs. Although there are therapies against this infection in its acute stage, they are not able to permanently eliminate the parasite and sometimes they are not well tolerated. To develop better, safer drugs, we need to elucidate key aspects of the biology of T. gondii. In this review, we will discuss the importance of the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway in the parasite's lytic cycle and how components of these processes can be potential molecular targets for new drug development programs. In that sense, the effect of different DNA damage agents or HHR inhibitors on the growth and replication of T. gondii will be described. Multitarget drugs that were either associated with other targets or were part of general screenings are included in the list, providing a thorough revision of the drugs that can be tested in other scenarios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Therapeutic Targets Against Toxoplasma gondii: Update on DNA Repair Response Inhibitors and Genotoxic Drugs

Angel

Vanagas

Ruiz

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…However, their side effect makes these treatments inefficient. Additionally, spiramycine is used in CT to treat infection during pregnancy, but its administration is still controversial, since multicenter studies conducted in Europe have shown conflicting results about its efficacy (Sander et al, 2018 ). Although prevention of the severe consequences of CT in pregnant women would be a major target for a human vaccine, there has been scarce progress on this issue, a possible reason may be the fact that CT is generally not considered a priority for public health (Innes et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Veterinary Vaccine Development Against Fbds Caused By Parasimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also scientific obstacles, including that the best protective results of vaccines against T. gondii have been observed with live vaccine preparations, but there are safety and regulatory issues that may impede their use in humans (Innes et al, 2011 ). Killed or subunit vaccines represent a more safer approach, but there challenges to overcome, including that they are generally associated with a poor cellular immune response, one of the most important features to get a proper protection against T. gondii infections (Sander et al, 2018 , 2019 ). Recent advances in understanding the key protective immune responses may help to determine predictive algorithms for protective epitopes in order to design better subunit vaccines (Innes et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Veterinary Vaccine Development Against Fbds Caused By Parasimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a vaccine against toxoplasmosis in farm animals would also help prevent infection to humans through safe meats reducing costs due to the rigorous following up of at-risk pregnant women, and control parasite reactivation in immunocompromised patients in order to avoid the use of toxic drugs during toxoplasmosis treatment (Mui et al, 2008 ). However, only one commercial vaccine is commercially available in UK, France, and New Zealand against T. gondii , and its use is limited to sheep (Sander et al, 2018 ). This live-attenuated vaccine (Toxovax®) was obtained from a modified strain (S48) of T. gondii originally isolated from an aborted lamb in New Zealand.…”

Section: Veterinary Vaccine Development Against Fbds Caused By Parasimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it was demonstrated that one subcutaneous injection of this 2 ml suspension induces protective immunity for at least 18 months (Buxton, 1993 ). Despite the effectiveness of this vaccine, there are some controversial points that would explain why it has not been implemented in other countries (Sander et al, 2018 ). Toxovax® is a live-attenuated vaccine, which carries the risk of reverting to a pathogenic strain and causing disease, in humans and other hosts.…”

Section: Veterinary Vaccine Development Against Fbds Caused By Parasimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Veterinary Vaccines for Livestock as a Strategy to Control Foodborne Parasitic Diseases

Sander

López

Morales

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are a major concern worldwide since they are associated with high mortality and morbidity in the human population. Among the causative agents of FBDs, Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp., and Trichinella spiralis are listed in the top global risk ranking of foodborne parasites. One common feature between them is that they affect domestic livestock, encompassing an enormous risk to global food production and human health from farm to fork, infecting animals, and people either directly or indirectly. Several approaches have been employed to control FBDs caused by parasites, including veterinary vaccines for livestock. Veterinary vaccines against foodborne parasites not only improve the animal health by controlling animal infections but also contribute to increase public health by controlling an important source of FBDs. In the present review, we discuss the advances in the development of veterinary vaccines for domestic livestock as a strategy to control foodborne parasitic diseases.

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Toxoplasmosis vaccines: what we have and where to go?

Zhang

et al. 2022

npj Vaccines

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Despite recent major advances in developing effective vaccines against toxoplasmosis, finding new protective vaccination strategies remains a challenging and elusive goal as it is critical to prevent the disease. Over the past few years, various experimental approaches have shown that developing an effective vaccine against T. gondii is achievable. However, more remains unknown due to its complicated life cycle, difficulties in clinical translation, and lack of a standardized platform. This minireview summarizes the recent advances in the development of T. gondii vaccines and the main obstacles to developing a safe, effective and durable T. gondii vaccine. The successes and failures in developing and testing vaccine candidates for the T. gondii vaccine are also discussed, which may facilitate the future development of T. gondii vaccines.

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A Comprehensive Review of Toxoplasma Gondii Biology and Host-Cell Interaction: Challenges for a Plant-Based Vaccine

Cited by 8 publications

References 182 publications

Emerging Therapeutic Targets Against Toxoplasma gondii: Update on DNA Repair Response Inhibitors and Genotoxic Drugs

Emerging Therapeutic Targets Against Toxoplasma gondii: Update on DNA Repair Response Inhibitors and Genotoxic Drugs

Use of Veterinary Vaccines for Livestock as a Strategy to Control Foodborne Parasitic Diseases

Toxoplasmosis vaccines: what we have and where to go?

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