A Comprehensive Review on Bergenia Ligulata (Paashanbheda) and Its Role in the Treatment of Kidney Stone Formation

Abstract

Bergenia ligulata, a member of the saxifragaceae family, is a well-known Ayurvedic medicine Paashanbheda. Bergenia ligulata is a highly regarded medicinal herb and one of the most well-known examples of controversial drugs in Indian medicine, commonly referred to as "Paashanbheda." This plant is well-known for its ability to dissolve kidney stones. Bergenia comes in three varieties: B. ligulata, B. ciliata and B. stracheyi. Bergenin is the species' key chemical constituent. Many secondary metabolites belonging to coumarins, flavonoids, benzenoids, lactone, fructose, tannins, phenols, and sterols have been discovered in phytochemical studies. Anti-urolithic, antiviral, free radical scavenging, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antipyretic, anti-oxaluria, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-implantation and cardio-protective activities have been observed in crude extracts and isolated compounds from B. ligulata. Bergenin, (+) afzelechin, (+) catechin and -sitosterol were discovered in the plant's phytochemistry. Many pharmacological activities of plants have been studied, including antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antiurolithic and antimalarial. The aim of this review is to present the most current knowledge on botany, Pharmacognosy, conventional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacopoeial requirements, pharmacology of B. ligulata, as well as the biological activities of Bergenin (active constituent from Bergenia ligulata). It covers the information collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via a library and electronic search (Google Scholar and PubMed).

Comparison of the Effects of Laparoscopic Surgery and Traditional Open Surgery on Stone Clearance, Laboratory Indexes and Life Quality in Patients with Renal Calculi

“…The main incidence group of kidney stone is young and middle-aged male [ 5 ]. However, the incidence of kidney stone in male group is much higher than that in female group [ 6 , 7 ]. For this kind of patients, the stones in the body are mainly removed by operation, while the patients with complex kidney stones are mostly treated by open surgery.…”

Bergenia pacumbis (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) C.Y.Wu & J.T.Pan: A Comprehensive Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

“…In India, the plant is found mainly in the northeast temperate Himalayas particularly in Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and northeastern hilly states between the altitudes of 1200-3000 m, in rocky slopes of stone crevices present in cold or glacial mountains (Figure 2). It is also reported at higher altitudes in the Himalayan area of adjoining countries of Indian such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, China, and Tibet [3,21,40,42].…”

“…Its leaves are glabrous, long, sparsely hairy in margins, widely obviate or elliptic, and finely or shallowly sinuate-dentate. The fruit is contained around a capsule-like structure containing numerous minute grey seeds in each capsule [3,22,[40][41][42].…”

“…Different phytochemicals are distributed all over the plant, as discussed in the following sub-sections. The qualitative analysis of various extracts obtained from different parts of B. pacumbis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, quinines, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, cardio glycosides steroids, proteins, and saponins [3,21,42,59].…”

Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of Bergenia Ligulata (Wall.) Leaves Extracts

“…This plant is a highly regarded medicinal herb and one of the most well-known examples of controversial drugs in Indian medicine and is well-known for its ability to dissolve kidney stones. Bergenia comes in three varieties of B. ligulata, B. ciliata, and B. stracheyi [3]. It is mostly grown in cold and temperate climates and found in the Himalayas, from Kashmir to Bhutan [4].…”