A Comprehensive Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass and its Applications

Sharma, R. P.; Jasrotia, Karishma; Singh, Nicy; Ghosh, Priyanka; Srivastava, S. P.; Sharma, Neeta; Singh, Joginder; Kanwar, Rameshwar S.; Kumar, Ajay

doi:10.1007/s42250-019-00098-3

Cited by 157 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…HTC has no specific requirements for pressure, and the pressure is dependent on the temperature used in the process. Water is used as a solvent, and thus wet feedstock can be utilized, which saves energy that is normally used to dry the feedstock before processing [2][3][4][5]. The solid product from HTC is called as hydrochar and its properties depend on the biomass source and the reaction conditions used [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochar-derived adsorbent for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution

Yaah

Zbair

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

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The characteristics and diclofenac adsorption properties of a carbon adsorbent prepared from palm kernel shells were studied. The adsorbent prepared via hydrothermal carbonization followed by an activation in nitrogen flow had a mesoporous structure with homogenous pore distribution and the specific surface area of 131 m2g−1. The Raman spectra showed a formation of graphene or graphite structures in the material during activation with small number of defects based on its ID/IG ratio of about 0.5. The FTIR analysis showed both a qualitative and quantitative decrease in the functional groups of the raw material after activation. The developed adsorbent was found to be effective in the removal of diclofenac with 95% maximum removal at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 15 gL−1 and adsorbate dose of 50 mgL−1. Diclofenac adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with correlation coefficient R2 > 0.98. The adsorption kinetics was explained by the second-order kinetic model with rate constant (K2) 0.869 min−1. The interaction via aromatic π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding between -OH groups of phenol and carboxylic acid groups of DCF are leading to a good adsorption efficiency despite of the low surface area of the adsorbent. Graphic abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochar-derived adsorbent for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution

Yaah

Zbair

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

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“…During HTL processing of LCB, water is known to act as solvent as well as reactant leading to the formation of monomeric sugars (eg, glucose, xylan), 5‐HMF, furfural, and phenolic derivatives. Subsequent polymerization and condensation reactions of mainly the furfural derivatives and in‐situ modified lignin of LCB contribute to the formation of a carbonaceous solid residue 69 . During thermal treatment of the solid residue, some organic impurities decompose and decarboxylate forming biochar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent polymerization and condensation reactions of mainly the furfural derivatives and in-situ modified lignin of LCB contribute to the formation of a carbonaceous solid residue. 69 During thermal treatment of the solid residue, some organic impurities decompose and decarboxylate forming biochar.…”

Section: Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic HTL ‐derived biochar and sol‐gel synthesized (Mn, Ti)‐oxides for asymmetric supercapacitors

Amar

Houck

Shende

2020

Intl J of Energy Research

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In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)-derived biochar is investigated as electrode material with sol-gel-derived (Mn, Ti)-oxide electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor. To generate biochar, pinewood flour was used as an example biomass feedstock for HTL, which was carried out at 300 C and 1500 psi for 1 hour in the absence and presence of the Ni-nitrate (Ni [NO 3 ] 2 .6H 2 O) catalyst. After HTL, different products were analyzed by TOC analyzer, HPLC, and GCMS, and mass yield/carbon balance was determined. Solid residue recovered after HTL or catalytic HTL (CHTL) was thermally treated at 400 C for 2 hours to obtain biochar, which was characterized using BET surface area analyzer and SEM/EDX, and utilized as one of the electrodes. To fabricate asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), (Mn,Ti)-oxide electrode material was synthesized using sol-gel technique with Mn:Ti precursor ratio of 30:70 wt%. As-synthesized gels were aged, dried, and calcined with a 2-step heating process (step-1: heating to 500 C and cooling to 50 C, and step-2: heating to 1000 C with soak time of 2 hours and cooling to 50 C), which were characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction and BET analysis. Asymmetric supercapacitors were fabricated with HTL/CHTL derived biochar/(Mn,Ti)oxide electrodes and KOH electrolyte, and tested with cyclic voltammetry to determine specific capacitance. ASC fabricated with CHTL-derived biochar electrode showed a higher specific capacitance of 187 F/g.

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“…The wet hydrochar is sent to dewatering, which is quite efficient due to its hydrophobia [26], and finally dried.…”

Section: Dewatering and Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of Digestate in a Fully Integrated Biowaste Treatment Facility: A Case Study

Mastellone¹

2021

Biogas - Recent Advances and Integrated Approaches

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The increase of biowaste generation has reached critical levels in many countries. The European legislation introduced the biowaste treatment and the organic recycling as central theme of its political agenda with the aim to promote the sustainable exploitation of this peculiar waste. The most utilized technologies applied to the biowaste treatment are based on the biological processes targeting to produce biogas or, more recently, biomethane to be used as fuel. The production of biomethane allows to produce a substitute of the fossil methane with a yield of about 0.07g CH4 /g biowaste ; the remaining fractions are waste coming from the pretreatment/refining steps, solid digestate or stabilized compost, and leachate. The sustainable treatment of these fractions is a mandatory issue to treat the biowaste in a reliable and sustainable integrated process since their amount is more than 85% and the impact of their treatment on environment and economy of the overall treatment process can be quite relevant. This chapter focused on the so-called smart facility that integrates processes based on thermochemical processes with the biological one targeting to increase the overall sustainability, the flexibility regarding the input biowaste composition, and the independency by the external factors affecting the waste trading.

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A Comprehensive Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass and its Applications

Cited by 157 publications

References 181 publications

Hydrochar-derived adsorbent for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution

Hydrochar-derived adsorbent for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution

Catalytic HTL ‐derived biochar and sol‐gel synthesized (Mn, Ti)‐oxides for asymmetric supercapacitors

Exploitation of Digestate in a Fully Integrated Biowaste Treatment Facility: A Case Study

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