A Comprehensive Review on in Situ Gels

Padmasri, Budumuru; Nagaraju, R.; Prasanth, Damarasingu

doi:10.22159/ijap.2020v12i6.38918

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Another glass plate was mounted over it carefully. Standard weight of 1 kg was placed on the plate (avoiding sliding of the plate) [15]. The diameter of the gel in cm was measured after 30 min.…”

Section: Spreadabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Gel Formulation of Potassium Nitrate: A Novel Approach to Treat Dentin Hypersensitivity

DABHADKAR¹,

KULKARNI²

2022

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop an in situ gelling formulation of potassium nitrate for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Methods: Formulation was optimized using 32 full factorial design, wherein the concentration of two gelling agents, poloxamer 407 and chitosan (90% deacetylation) were the independent variables and formulation viscosity and gelation time were dependent variables. The trial formulations were evaluated for pH, spreadability, drug content, adherence time, and in vitro drug release, apart from viscosity and gelation time. Results: The optimized formulation containing 22% of poloxamer 407 and 0.5 % of chitosan exhibited a gelation time of less than 150 s, a viscosity of about 2450 cps, and thermoreversible sol-gel transition behavior. The novel in situ gel showed a pH of 4.58, and spreadability as 5.55 g. cm/s and adherence time 4.3 h. The formulation could sustain the drug release over a period of 4 h and it was found to be 81.83±1.03%. Accelerated stability studies conducted over 3 mo duration ensured good physical and chemical stability of the formulation. Conclusion: The optimized in situ gel formulation of potassium nitrate in the sol state is expected to allow easy and site-specific administration on the sensitive tooth. Upon application, the temperature-sensitive sol would get converted to a gel that would improve its retention time on the sensitive tooth and extend the duration of therapeutic action by sustaining the drug release.

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Section: Spreadabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Gel Formulation of Potassium Nitrate: A Novel Approach to Treat Dentin Hypersensitivity

DABHADKAR¹,

KULKARNI²

2022

Int J App Pharm

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“…It has a backbone of β→4-linked glucose residue, most of which is substituted with 1-6 linked xylose side chain. Xyloglucan when it degrades partially byβ-galactosidase forms gel in an aqueous solution 23,24 .…”

Section: Polymers Used In Temperature Triggered In-situ Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This polymer undergoes a phase transition above 15% (w/w) concentration from sol-to-gel at normal body temperature. The most possible reasons for this sol-to-gel transition must be the slow desolvation and increased aggregation of the micelle along with the additional entanglement within the polymer of the polymeric system 24,25 .…”

Section: Polymers Used In Temperature Triggered In-situ Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Forming Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Use: An Overview

Chhetri¹,

Chakraborty

Das

et al. 2021

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Delivery of drug into the ocular region is hindered by the protective layers that encapsulate the eyes, it has always been a major problem to get an effective bioavailability of the active drug in the ocular region due to the low precorneal resident time of most of the ocular delivery systems specifically convention once such as ointment, solution and suspension, as a result, most of the delivery systems are not capable of effectively treating ocular diseases. Several works have and are being carried out to overcome this problem one of which is using in-situ forming polymeric systems. Ocular In-situ gelling systems are a novel class of ocular drug delivery systems that are initially in a solution form but instantaneously gets converted into a viscous gel upon introduction or installation in the ocular cavity from which the active drugs get released in a sustained manner. This sol-to-gel phase transition depends upon various factors like change in pH, ion presence and change in temperature. Gel formed after the transformation has preferred viscosity along with bio-adhesive property, which increases the gel’s resident time in the ocular area and also releases the drug in a prolonged and sustained manner unlike conventional eye drops and ointments. This review emphasizes various ocular in-situ systems namely, pH triggered, Ion activated, and Temperature triggered systems which have prolonged residence time in the cul-de-sac area of the eye, hence increasing the ocular bioavailability. Keywords: In-situ gel, Ocular Drug delivery, Ocular Bioavailability, Polymer

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“…These materials have the potential to act as drug reservoirs capable of controlled drug release over several days. 2,3 Thermogels, a subset of in-situ gels that transition when triggered by temperature, have received particular attention for ocular surface applications. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Many of these systems have been designed to be applied to the inferior fornix, also known as the cul-de-sac of the eye, such that they do not obstruct vision following gel phase transition and subsequent drug release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucoadhesive thermogel platform for treating anterior ocular conditions

Ross

Sheardown

Muirhead

et al. 2023

J Biomedical Materials Res

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A platform mucoadhesive and thermogelling eyedrop was developed for application to the inferior fornix for the treatment of various anterior segment ocular conditions. The poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) polymers (pNIPAAm), containing a disulfide bridging monomer, were crosslinked with chitosan to yield a modifiable, mucoadhesive, and natively degradable thermogelling system. Three different conjugates were studied including a small molecule for treating dry eye, an adhesion peptide for modeling delivery of peptides/proteins to the anterior eye, and a material property modifier to create gels with different rheologic characteristics. Based on the conjugate used, different material properties such as solution viscosity and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) were produced. In addition to releasing the conjugates through disulfide bridging with ocular mucin, the thermogels were shown to deliver atropine, with 70%-90% being released over 24-h, depending on the formulation studied. The results illustrate that these materials can deliver multiple therapeutic payloads at one time and release them through various mechanisms. Finally, the safety and tolerability of the thermogels was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The gels were instilled into the inferior fornix of rabbits and were shown to not produce any adverse effects over 4 days. These materials were demonstrated to be highly tunable, creating a platform that could be easily modified to deliver various therapeutic agents to treat a multitude of ocular diseases and have the potential to be an alternative to conventional eyedrops.

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A Comprehensive Review on in Situ Gels

Cited by 15 publications

References 96 publications

In Situ Gel Formulation of Potassium Nitrate: A Novel Approach to Treat Dentin Hypersensitivity

In Situ Gel Formulation of Potassium Nitrate: A Novel Approach to Treat Dentin Hypersensitivity

In-Situ Forming Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Use: An Overview

Mucoadhesive thermogel platform for treating anterior ocular conditions

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