A comprehensive review on isolated and non-isolated converter configuration and fast charging technology: For battery and plug in hybrid electric vehicle

Annamalai, Mohan; Prabha, N. Amutha

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18808

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Once designed, they cannot be scaled down to meet the low-power criteria. In this regard, non-isolated DC-to-DC converters [14], and especially buck-boost converters, provide a way to design battery chargers with low power ratings. The proposed Landsman converter is such a converter.…”

Section: Research Gap and Proposed Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, design and validation of DC-DC landsman converter for low-power electric vehicle battery charging applications

Bag,

Mundra,

Sadashiv

et al. 2024

Eng. Res. Express

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As the world moves towards sustainable development, the reduction of air pollution is considered an important factor. Consequently, the transportation sector is moving from conventional internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). To encourage EV usage, governments are working towards installing more public charging systems. These systems invariably use a DC-DC converter to ensure the supply of an appropriate voltage to charge the battery. In developing countries, the majority of users prefer electric bikes and electric rickshaws, which require low power. Therefore, it becomes necessary to use low-power converters suitable to charge these batteries. In such systems, non-isolated DC-DC converters play an important role. This work is intended to explore the use of the Landsman converter for EV battery charging. The motivation behind the work is explained, and the state of the art of EV battery charging research is reviewed to show the research gap. The operation of the proposed converter is explained in detail with its dynamic loop and nodal equations. The gain equation and the memory elements design are detailed with the corresponding equations. The model of the proposed converter is provided with the loss calculation. The system is simulated on MATLAB R2022b software, and the simulation results are provided to show the behavior of voltage and current in each component. To validate the design, a 100 W hardware prototype is implemented using discrete components to supply a resistive load, and to charge a 48 V Li-ion battery. The corresponding results are provided to validate the design and operation. A comparison of the proposed converters’ performance parameters with other non-isolated converters is provided. The topology is seen to provide an instantaneous efficiency of 88% during the prototype testing for resistive load, and an efficiency of 89.6% while charging a 48 V Li-ion battery, wherein, the efficiency magnitudes are the experimental values obtained through real-time measurements on Keysight IntegraVision Power Analyzer PA2203A, during the testing of the hardware prototype, as presented in section 8. Consequently, Landsman converter is seen to be an attractive converter for EV battery charging applications.

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Section: Research Gap and Proposed Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, design and validation of DC-DC landsman converter for low-power electric vehicle battery charging applications

Bag,

Mundra,

Sadashiv

et al. 2024

Eng. Res. Express

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“…Recently, the Chinese administrative department approved a new DC charging standard named [6]. This standard addresses issues related to structural design, safety, vehicle adapter design, compatibility, and control pilot functions [7][8][9]. Building a battery swapping station is challenging due to the absence of a uniform standard for battery specifications and properties [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC fast charging stations for electric vehicles: A review

Sawant,

Zambare

2024

Energy Conversion and Econom

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The expansion of the DC fast‐charging (DCFC) network is expected to accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation by offering drivers additional charging options for longer journeys. However, DCFC places significant stress on the grid, leading to costly system upgrades and high monthly operational expenses. Incorporating energy storage into DCFC stations can mitigate these challenges. This article conducts a comprehensive review of DCFC station design, optimal sizing, location optimization based on charging/driver behaviour, electric vehicle charging time, cost of charging, and the impact of DC power on fast‐charging stations. The review is closely aligned with current state‐of‐the‐art technologies and encompasses academic research contributions. A critical assessment of 146 research articles published from 2000 to 2023 identifies research gaps and explores avenues for future study based on the literature review.

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“…The enhancement in the production of these vehicles has caused various manufacturers to develop the field. Today, even electric trucks are produced in some countries that require batteries with a high energy storage capacity (Zhao et al, 2021;Annamalai and Amutha prabha, 2023;Mohammed et al, 2023). The number of different studies in the field of batteries is too high, indicating the need for progress in this field in the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving lithium battery cooling: analyzing the impact of air flow, nanofluid flow, and phase change materials

Mustafa,

Alqaed,

Sajadi

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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In this study, a finite element analysis is employed to numerically investigate the thermal behavior of a battery pack comprising cylindrical lithium-ion cells. The system incorporates air cooling with phase change material (PCM) surrounding the batteries and nanofluid (NFD) circulating within the PCM through tubes of varying diameters (ranging from 2 mm to 6 mm) at flow rates (FRT) spanning 5 mL/min to 20 mL/min. A two-phase mixture model is applied to analyze the behavior of the NFD as it changes phase. The transient simulation covers a 1-h period to assess temperature variations of the NFD, batteries, surrounding air, PCM, and the phase change process within the PCM. Our results indicate that variations in NFD flow rate (NFFR) do not significantly affect the PCM’s molten fraction during PCM melting, coinciding with an increase in battery temperature (TBT). However, during the PCM refreezing phase, a FRT of 15 mL/min results in the highest quantity of solid PCM. The outlet temperature (TOT) of the NFD demonstrates a cyclical pattern of increase and decrease over time. We observe that when the NFD temperature is elevated, the lowest TOT of the NFD is associated with a FRT of 5 mL/min. Conversely, when the NFD temperature is lowered, this FRT leads to the highest TOT of the NFD. The TBT exhibits some sensitivity to changes in FRT within the initial half-hour, with a subsequent decline, particularly with a FRT of 15 mL/min.

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A comprehensive review on isolated and non-isolated converter configuration and fast charging technology: For battery and plug in hybrid electric vehicle

Cited by 17 publications

References 169 publications

Modeling, design and validation of DC-DC landsman converter for low-power electric vehicle battery charging applications

Modeling, design and validation of DC-DC landsman converter for low-power electric vehicle battery charging applications

DC fast charging stations for electric vehicles: A review

Improving lithium battery cooling: analyzing the impact of air flow, nanofluid flow, and phase change materials

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