A comprehensive review on study of physical, nutritional, and phytochemical characteristics as well as therapeutic activities of Choerospondias axillaris (lapsi)

Undescribed Cyclohexene and Benzofuran Alkenyl Derivatives from Choerospondias axillaris, a Potential Hypoglycemic Fruit

“…Moreover, proton signals ascribed to methylene groups at δ H 1.95 (1H, ddd, J = 13.3, 4.4, 2.8 Hz, H-3a), 1.90 (1H, ddd, J = 12.5, 4.4, 2.9 Hz, H-5a), 1.70 (2H, m, H-6) and overlapping peaks at δ H 1.23 (2H, m, H-3b and H-5b) along with carbon shifts at δ C 43.7 (C-3), 29.1 (C-6) and 34.3 (C-5) were observed (Table 1). The 1,2,4-trihydroxysubstituted cyclohexane ring were established by 1 H-1 H COSY correlations between H-3/H-4, H-1/H-6, H-5/H-6 and H-4/H-5 as well as, HMBC correlations of H-4 (δ H 3.84) to C-6 and C-2, H-1 (δ H 3.36) to C-1 ′ (δ C 40.7) and C-5. The location of ∆ 10 ′ ,11 ′ double bond was deduced from the HMBC correlation of terminal methyl proton H-15 ′ (δ H 0.92) to C-13 ′ (δ C 33.1), overlapping vinylic protons H-10 ′ /H-11 ′ to C-8 ′ (δ C 30.3) and to C-13 ′ , and protons H-9 ′ /H-12 ′ (δ H 2.04) to C-7 ′ (δ C 30.6) and C-14 ′ (δ C 23.4), respectively.…”

“…& A.W. Hill (Anacardiaceae), a tall deciduous tree bearing edible fruits, is distributed in slopes, hills or valleys at altitudes ranging from 300 to 2000 m in India, China, Japan, Bhutan, Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand [1][2][3]. The fruit, known as south wild jujube in China, with a light yellow flesh and sour-sweet taste, is valued for its substantial nutritional and therapeutic values in several regions of the world [4,5].…”

“…The fruit, known as south wild jujube in China, with a light yellow flesh and sour-sweet taste, is valued for its substantial nutritional and therapeutic values in several regions of the world [4,5]. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the fruit of C. axillaris has been historically utilized for its potential therapeutic properties to improve cardiac function as well as to regulate blood sugar levels and alleviate symptoms linked to diabetes [1,[3][4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, it is used widely in China's food industry for producing fruit pastilles and juice [8,9] and is utilized in Nepal for processing local products, e.g., pickles, fruit leathers, jam, and candy [1,10].…”

“…In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the fruit of C. axillaris has been historically utilized for its potential therapeutic properties to improve cardiac function as well as to regulate blood sugar levels and alleviate symptoms linked to diabetes [1,[3][4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, it is used widely in China's food industry for producing fruit pastilles and juice [8,9] and is utilized in Nepal for processing local products, e.g., pickles, fruit leathers, jam, and candy [1,10]. Regardless of insufficient reports on global sales data and socio-economic purposes, the market value of C. axillaris was found to be approximately USD 0.65 million in Kathmandu, Nepal [1,8,11].…”

“…Furthermore, it is used widely in China's food industry for producing fruit pastilles and juice [8,9] and is utilized in Nepal for processing local products, e.g., pickles, fruit leathers, jam, and candy [1,10]. Regardless of insufficient reports on global sales data and socio-economic purposes, the market value of C. axillaris was found to be approximately USD 0.65 million in Kathmandu, Nepal [1,8,11]. C. axillaris as a functional food provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition due to its physiologically active components, which play an active role in promoting overall health and regulating disease progression [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”