A comprehensive review on telecommunication challenges of microgrids secondary control

Sheykhi, Negar; Salami, Abolfazl; Guerrero, Josep M.; Tinajero, Gibran David Agundis; Faghihi, Tayebe

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108081

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…At the primary layer when the MG controller uses the droop scheme, the error of steady state is non-zero; So, the recovery of frequency and voltage deviance and greater flexibility of secondary level structure have been discussed [47], [48]. The secondary layer has function like reliability and reduction of voltage and frequency deviances to determine the MG economic performance and operating points of the primary level control [49].…”

Section: Secondary Level Control In Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the State-of-the-Art of Secondary Control Strategies for Microgrids

Nawaz,

Pashajavid,

Fan

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The proliferation of distributed energy resources in distribution systems has given rise to a new concept known as Microgrids (MGs). The effective control of MGs is a crucial aspect that needs to be prioritized before undertaking any implementation procedure. This article provides a comprehensive overview of hierarchical control methods that ensure efficient and robust control for MGs. Specifically, it focuses on the secondary controller approaches (centralized, distributed, and decentralized control) and examines their primary strengths and weaknesses. The techniques are thoroughly discussed, deliberated, and compared to facilitate a better understanding. According to functionality, the hierarchical-based control scheme is allocated into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary. For secondary control level, the MG communication structures permit the usage of various control methods that provided the significance of the secondary controller for consistent and reliable MG performance and the deficiency of an inclusive recommendation for scholars. Also, it gives a review of the literature on present important matters related to MG secondary control approaches in relation to the challenges of communication systems. The problem of the secondary level control is deliberated with an emphasis on challenges like delays. Further, at the secondary layer, the distributed control techniques for reducing communication system utilization and then reducing communication system delays are conferred. Furthermore, the benefits and limitations of various control structures, such as centralized, decentralized, and distributed are also discusses in this study. Later a comparative analysis of entire control approaches, the best methods of control according to the author's perspective are also discussed.

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Section: Secondary Level Control In Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the State-of-the-Art of Secondary Control Strategies for Microgrids

Nawaz,

Pashajavid,

Fan

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…These disruptions can lead to a loss of coordination of physical parameters or even destabilize the entire MG system. To address these issues, it becomes imperative to develop a control mechanism capable of maintaining MG reliability amid disruptions caused by transmission systems [134][135][136][137][138][139][140]. Decentralized control based on consensus is considered a promising solution for bandwidth restrictions.…”

Section: Data Transmission Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these issues, it becomes imperative to develop a control mechanism capable of maintaining MG reliability amid disruptions caused by transmission systems [134–140]. Decentralized control based on consensus is considered a promising solution for bandwidth restrictions.…”

Section: Transmission Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nexus of energy in microgrids: A review on communication barriers in distributed networks auxiliary controls

Ahmed,

Basit,

e Mustafa

et al. 2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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Microgrids are a new concept resulting from decentralized power sources, which have changed energy utility grid topography. As this promising field is penetrated, control must be streamlined immediately. This paper analyses key control mechanisms in energy utility networks, including centralized, decentralized, and distributed setups. The focus is on the auxiliary category as the various benefits and drawbacks of each approach is investigated. Information interchange architectures that enable multiple control techniques in the auxiliary control domain are examined using distributed energy networks. The research emphasizes the necessity of auxiliary control in ensuring reliable and effective utility infrastructure operation but notes the lack of a comprehensive scholarly reference. Additionally, the study explores key concerns in utility grids' auxiliary control mechanisms, emphasizing information‐sharing system limits. The goal is to demonstrate the importance of auxiliary control and evaluate its challenges, such as latency, which require new solutions for a seamless transition to a sustainable energy future through rigorous academic assessment. At the auxiliary level, complex, decentralized regulatory mechanisms are recommended to handle transmission channel bandwidth and operational overhead in energy utility networks. These innovative measures have the potential to transform the fundamental structure of our energy landscape, heralding in unprecedented efficiency and sustainability.

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“…First, the interconnected nature of DERs and their reliance on communication networks exposes them to potential unauthorized access and control [32]. Malicious actors could exploit vulnerabilities in communication protocols or gain unauthorized access to the control infrastructure [33]. Second, the real-time nature of CPS requires rapid data exchange and decision-making, leaving limited time for thorough cybersecurity checks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Replay Attack Impact in DC Microgrid Consensus Control: Detection and Mitigation by Kalman-Filter-Based Observer

Taher,

Tariq,

Behnamfar

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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This paper adopts a Direct Current (DC) Microgrid with a consensus-based secondary control strategy to efficiently manage the microgrid, ensuring precise voltage regulation and fair power distribution among Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The consensus approach employs a communication network to establish a Cyber layer for DER information exchange and harmonize the entire system to achieve a common goal. However, this cyber layer's vulnerability could destabilize the interconnected control system and lead to the whole system being unsynchronized. The paper explores replay attacks conducted in the path of the communication link between interconnected Distributed Generation Units (DGUs), demonstrating their impact on secondary control using simulations and real-time experiments. A method leveraging Distributed Kalman Filter observers for attack detection is proposed which requires low computational demand to suit the real-time application, while an attack mitigation technique using observer-generated residues with the optimal condition is implemented. Validation is conducted through both MATLAB simulations and realtime OPAL-RT experiments, confirming the proposed system's effectiveness.

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A comprehensive review on telecommunication challenges of microgrids secondary control

Cited by 26 publications

References 157 publications

A Comprehensive Review of the State-of-the-Art of Secondary Control Strategies for Microgrids

A Comprehensive Review of the State-of-the-Art of Secondary Control Strategies for Microgrids

The nexus of energy in microgrids: A review on communication barriers in distributed networks auxiliary controls

Analyzing Replay Attack Impact in DC Microgrid Consensus Control: Detection and Mitigation by Kalman-Filter-Based Observer

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