A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Advances in the Valorization of Jackfruit Waste for the Development of Value-Added Products

Abstract

The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), a particular member of the Moraceae family, is abundantly found in Asia's tropical and subtropical regions, and it has been reported to have a range of useful properties that treat ailments. Jackfruit contains both edible fractions e.g. seed and inedible fractions e.g. peel, rags, latex, perianth, core which are generally disposed of into the environment directly as waste and thereby causing an environmental concern as it leads to bio-waste accumulation. The existence of multiple beneficial compounds in the discarded parts of fruit contributes to its usage as a raw material in various food products such as bread, cake, cookies, extruded products, etc and also in various other sectors such as the fuel, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries etc. This literature analysis was conducted to gain a good comprehension of changing trends in the Jackfruit waste utilization scenario, shaping up into the formation of value added food products. This review paper is designed by considering some latest findings of several researchers in this area.

Finding out various potentials and possibilities of jackfruit seed and its usage in the industry: a review

“…They are crucial as sizing and finishing agents in paper and textiles for non-food usage, whereas they are utilised in foods to thicken, gel, or otherwise control texture (Mukprasirt & Sajjaanantakul 2004), (Noor et al 2014), (Tulyathan et al 2002), (Dutta et al 2011), (Madruga et al 2014), (S Castro et al 2023, (Zhang et al 2021a(Zhang et al , 2021b(Zhang et al , 2021c Food products Jackfruit seeds are used for making various food products such as extruded products (cookies, noodles, etc. ), drinks etc (Brahma & Ray, 2022), (Kumari et al 2022), ), (Ortega-González et al 2022, (Yudhistira 2022) Bioethanol Bioethanol is an alcohol created through microbial fermentation, primarily from carbohydrates provided by sugar-or starch-bearing plants such as corn, sugarcane, sweet sorghum, or lignocellulosic biomass (Ginting et al 2020), (Bahlawan et al 2022), (Arif et al 2018), (Roy et al 2015), (Ochaikul et al 2012), (Kumar et al 2011), (Minh et al 2022), (Chongkhong et al 2012) Oil/Biodiesel Oil/Biodiesel has been utilized throughout the years as a cooking fuel and vehicle fuel…”

The Utilization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Waste towards Sustainable Energy and Biochemicals: The Attainment of Zero-Waste Technologies

“…Jackfruits have been analysed during different seasons by various workers [4][5][6][7][8] for their nutritional and antioxidant properties. The findings of these studies have indicated that jackfruits serve as a valuable source in the development of nutraceuticals, which are currently in high demand worldwide [6].…”

“…From the extraction of these properties from jackfruit waste, the first raw material was macerated using the methanol agent and then filtrates were evaporated for some time to obtain a concentrated crude extract [6]. This extract was evaluated using different tests such as phytochemistry screening and also antibacterial tests on Propionibakerium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus at different concentrations of extracts using the DPPH (a,a-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) method [8].…”

“…For the best evaluation of these phytochemicals, some additional tests have been performed that can prove the characteristics of peel-off masks, such as homogeneity, pH, organoleptic, and irritation tests. Some phytochemical screenings have proved the domination of tannin and saponin in these extracts [7,8]. In the context of jackfruit waste, these are rich sources of carbohydrates, protein, fats, and phytochemicals.…”

“…This conversion can help to obtain sustainable products with the mitigation of jackfruit generation/accumulation and support for a green environment. Some reports have claimed the utility of jackfruit peel for the remediation of dye colour from contaminated aquatic environments [8,9]. The implementation of said technology has the potential to facilitate the creation of an environmentally sustainable economic framework cantered on the repurposing of waste materials.…”