A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Sorboni, Shokufeh Ghasemian; Moghaddam, Hanieh Shakeri; Jafarzadeh‐Esfehani, Reza; Soleimanpour, Saman

doi:10.1128/cmr.00338-20

Cited by 250 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 458 publications

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“…The gut microbiome differs from individual to individual, and the composition of the microbiota is believed to affect various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, which are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, hepatosteatosis, and arteriosclerosis [404]. Reduced diversity of gut microbiota has been linked with various pathophysiological conditions, such as depression, schizophrenia, neurological disorders, and chronic fatigue [405][406][407][408][409]. Microbiota can affect the endocannabinoid system and the nervous system, and vice versa; the nervous system and the endocannabinoids can influence the enteric microbiota composition [112,285,390,397,410,411].…”

Section: Dialog Between the Gut Microbiota And The Endocannabinoid Sy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

Sionov

Steinberg

2022

Biomedicines

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Antibiotic resistance has become an increasing challenge in the treatment of various infectious diseases, especially those associated with biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic materials. There is an urgent need for new treatment protocols that can also target biofilm-embedded bacteria. Many secondary metabolites of plants possess anti-bacterial activities, and especially the phytocannabinoids of the Cannabis sativa L. varieties have reached a renaissance and attracted much attention for their anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities at concentrations below the cytotoxic threshold on normal mammalian cells. Accordingly, many synthetic cannabinoids have been designed with the intention to increase the specificity and selectivity of the compounds. The structurally unrelated endocannabinoids have also been found to have anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities. Recent data suggest for a mutual communication between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiota. The present review focuses on the anti-microbial activities of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids integrated with some selected issues of their many physiological and pharmacological activities.

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Section: Dialog Between the Gut Microbiota And The Endocannabinoid Sy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

Sionov

Steinberg

2022

Biomedicines

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“…The overall goals of these strategies are that the support and maintenance of cytoskeletal structures essential for synaptic plasticity may more effectively manage the many neurological diseases in which NF-L gene expression and abundance play a determinant and defining role. Lastly, dietarybased modifications of microbial dysbiosis may be an attractive means to modify the abundance, speciation, and complexity of enterotoxigenic forms of AD-relevant microbes and their potential for the pathological discharge of highly neurotoxic microbial-derived secretions that include LPS (4, 50,[53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of Neurofilament Light Chain Expression in Human Neuronal-Glial Cell Co-Cultures by a Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide-Induced miRNA-30b-5p

Pogue¹,

Jaber

Sharfman

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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Microbiome-derived Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown by multiple laboratories to reside within Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected neocortical and hippocampal neurons. LPS and other pro-inflammatory stressors strongly induce a defined set of NF-kB (p50/p65)-sensitive human microRNAs, including a brain-enriched Homo sapien microRNA-30b-5p (hsa-miRNA-30b-5p; miRNA-30b). Here we provide evidence that this neuropathology-associated miRNA, known to be upregulated in AD brain and LPS-stressed human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary culture targets the neurofilament light (NF-L) chain mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), which is conducive to the post-transcriptional downregulation of NF-L expression observed within both AD and LPS-treated HNG cells. A deficiency of NF-L is associated with consequent atrophy of the neuronal cytoskeleton and the disruption of synaptic organization. Interestingly, miRNA-30b has previously been shown to be highly expressed in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide-treated animal and cell models, and Aβ peptides promote LPS entry into neurons. Increased miRNA-30b expression induces neuronal injury, neuron loss, neuronal inflammation, impairment of synaptic transmission, and synaptic failure in neurodegenerative disease and transgenic murine models. This gut microbiota-derived LPS-NF-kB-miRNA-30b-NF-L pathological signaling network: (i) underscores a positive pathological link between the LPS of gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbes and the inflammatory neuropathology, disordered cytoskeleton, and disrupted synaptic signaling of the AD brain and stressed brain cells; and (ii) is the first example of a microbiome-derived neurotoxic glycolipid having significant detrimental miRNA-30b-mediated actions on the expression of NF-L, an abundant neuron-specific filament protein known to be important in the maintenance of neuronal cell shape, axonal caliber, and synaptic homeostasis.

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“…In recent years, many studies have reported that specific drugs may affect the gut microbiome ( 24 ) and may also affect the host through microbial metabolism ( 25 – 27 ). In the course of studying this cohort of 118 preterm infants, we found the following interesting links between aminophylline, FI events, and the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome of Preterm Infants Treated With Aminophylline Is Closely Related to the Occurrence of Feeding Intolerance and the Weight Gain

et al. 2022

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BackgroundAminophylline is widely used in the treatment of preterm infants, but it can cause feeding intolerance events, in which gut microbial dysbiosis may have a role. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome of preterm infants treated with aminophylline and the occurrence of feeding intolerance and weight gain rate.MethodsThis study included a cohort of 118 preterm infants. Survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate the relationship between aminophylline treatment and the occurrence of feeding intolerance. 16S rRNA V4 region gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiome of fecal samples from the cohort. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to analyze the differential abundance of bacteria related to aminophylline treatment. Wilcoxon test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficients and generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the correlation between the differential bacteria and feeding intolerance events as well as the weight gain.ResultsThe results showed that the use of aminophylline could significantly increase the occurrence of feeding intolerance. The relative abundances of Streptococcus and Rothia in the gut microbiome of preterm infants were positively correlated with both the occurrence of feeding intolerance and the use of aminophylline, while the relative abundance of Staphylococcus was negatively correlated. In particular, preterm infants with a lower relative abundance of Rothia were more likely to develop feeding intolerance associated with aminophylline, and this difference existed before the onset of feeding intolerance. Moreover, it took longer for individuals with a lower relative abundance of Streptococcus to reach 2 kg weight. The contribution of Streptococcus to weight gain was greater than that of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus.ConclusionThe gut microbiome in preterm infants treated with aminophylline was characterized by a decrease in Streptococcus and Rothia and an increase in Staphylococcus. These microbes, especially Rothia, were positively correlated with the occurrence of feeding intolerance. Streptococcus but not Bifidobacter likely participated in the weight gain of preterm infants in early life.

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Cited by 250 publications

References 458 publications

Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

Downregulation of Neurofilament Light Chain Expression in Human Neuronal-Glial Cell Co-Cultures by a Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide-Induced miRNA-30b-5p

The Gut Microbiome of Preterm Infants Treated With Aminophylline Is Closely Related to the Occurrence of Feeding Intolerance and the Weight Gain

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