A Comprehensive Review on the Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Mentha aquatic L (water mint) as a Wild Shallow Vegetable

Abstract

: Mentha spp. are aromatic plants and have been used in the medical, cosmetics, and food industries. These plants have been used as a traditional herbal medicine for various types of diseases. Mentha aquatica L. (water mint) is a perennial plant used as a wild vegetable and a culinary herb. As its name suggests, it grows in the shallow margins and channels of streams, rivers, wet meadows, etc. It has been used as a tonic plant, sedative, and soothing for intestinal parasites, constipation, diarrhea, stomach troubles, biliousness, liver diseases, impotence, low or high blood pressure, expelling intestinal worms in children, enhancing longevity. Researchers from all over the world have studied the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of this plant, such as its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant activities. In addition, the neurochemical properties, larvicidal activity and phytochemical analysis of the plant have also been reported. However, there is no review article available that gathers all the information and provides insights for future studies on M. aquatica. Against this backdrop, the present research is conducted to categorize the published studies and to offer more suggestions to researchers for future studies.

Assessment of Drying Kinetics, Textural and Aroma Attributes of Mentha haplocalyx Leaves during the Hot Air Thin-Layer Drying Process

“…where M t is the moisture content of the stem, M 0 is the initial moisture content of the fresh stem, and M e is the equilibrium moisture content. Since M e is small relative to M 0 and M t and can be ignored, Formula (2) can be simplified to Formula (3).…”

“…In addition, the peppermint essential oils derived from peppermint leaves are widely produced in the world for the medical, nutraceutical and food applications. As being an aromatic perennial herb, peppermint leaves contain various bioactive components such as phenolics, tannins, resins, pectin, bitter compounds, but more importantly volatile components [3]. As is well known, Mentha piperita and Mentha haplocalyx are both rich in menthol and menthone, and those are the main bioactive components of peppermint essential oil and are used for culinary and medicinal products [4].…”

Mentha suaveolens Leaves Extract‐Mediated Synthesis of CoO@TiO2 and Fe2O3@TiO2 Core/Shell Nanoparticles with Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

“…Flavonoids including apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin [40] . Other compounds such as triterpenes, sterols, and tannins [41] . These compounds may contribute to the herb's overall biological activity.…”