A Comprehensive Review on Transient Recovery Voltage in Power Systems: Models, Standardizations and Analysis

Abstract

Electrical power systems are exposed to transient disturbances that change the voltage and current signals of the network, which can interrupt power and damage equipment. In high-frequency phenomena, it is essential to study the transient recovery voltage (TRV) to ensure the electrical insulation limits of circuit breakers are not violated, thus leading to a safe and reliable operation. Adequate models are crucial to achieving satisfactory results in the studies, according to the range of frequency of the transient being evaluated. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of methods and models for studying electromagnetic transients, focusing on TRV requests imposed on circuit breakers, in addition to fault-clearing simulations on real system modeling. The analyses are fundamental both for the evaluation of the amplitude of the voltage signal and for its rate of rise. We also compare the reviewed models and techniques to provide a handy resource for researchers.

Analysis of the impact of transient overvoltage on grid-connected PMSG-based wind turbine systems

“…When new energy devices are connected to a weak grid, the increased reactive power output may cause the voltage on the low-voltage side of the terminal bus and nearby devices like SVG to exceed protection settings. This can lead to a failure in high-voltage ride-through and subsequently cause the disconnection of new energy sources (Liu et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020;Lazzari et al, 2023). Using different Fault Current Limiter (FCL) topologies can enhance the fault ride-through capability of PMSG wind turbine systems during short-circuit faults (Okedu, 2022).…”

“…For traditional AC systems, after experiencing transient processes caused by circuit breaker operations or short-circuit faults, the power system may encounter temporary frequency overvoltages, often referred to as "transient overvoltages" in existing literature (Lazzari et al, 2023). Overvoltages in power systems can be classified into two categories based on their origin: external overvoltages and internal overvoltages (Andreotti et al, 2023).…”

“…Currently, there have been numerous studies on traditional power system overvoltages (Othman et al, 2019;Said and Anane, 2020;Ren and Zhang, 2021;Lazzari et al, 2023), which are wellestablished in engineering calculations. However, the emergence of new types of overvoltage issues resulting from the integration of a high proportion of new energy sources requires further in-depth investigation.…”