“…as well (Makri et al, 2010;Economou et al, 2011;Tsigie et al, 2013). Y. lipolytica has been cultivated in various conditions and bioreactors types (stirred or gas-lift bioreactors, using the batch, fed-batch or continuous regime), but the engineering aspects useful for scaling-up, namely effects of operating conditions on broths hydrodynamics and cells mechanical integrity, rates of mass and heat transfers, etc., have not been completely elucidated (Deive et al, 2010). Among the three main types of pneumatic bioreactors, namely bubble columns, gas-lift, and with fluidization ones, the gas-lift bioreactors are the most attractive especially for industrial-scale applications.…”