A Comprehensive Study of Spatiotemporal Variations in Temperature Extremes across China during 1960–2018

Zhao, Na; Chen, Mingxing

doi:10.3390/su13073807

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…are not applicable to this study. During the last several years, these 12 indices have been extensively deployed in the study of extreme temperatures around the world [9,[26][27][28]. The indices were calculated at each station using RClimDex 1.9 software (https://etccdi.pacificclimate.org/software.shtml, accessed on 10 November 2020).…”

Section: Definition Of Extreme Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…IPCC (2021) also reported that climate change is already affecting natural and human systems across all continents and oceans as it has significant local and global impacts [5]. However, the spatial distribution of extreme temperatures is not the same worldwide, due to regional differences in climate system responses to enhanced radiative forcing and complex interactions between nonlinear climate systems and local and regional factors [4,9]. Numerous studies have shown that global extreme warm events of more than 70% have significantly increased, while extreme cold events have significantly decreased, including Australia [10], China [11], Europe [12], and North America [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Extreme Temperature Variations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwestern China over the Past 60 Years

et al. 2022

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Analysis of variations in 12 extreme temperature indices at 68 meteorological stations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) in southwestern China during 1960–2019 revealed widespread significant changes in all temperature indices. The temperature of the hottest days and coldest nights show significantly increasing trends, and the frequencies of the warm days and nights also present similar trends. The temperature of the coldest night has a significant and strong warming trend (0.38 °C/decade), whereas the frequency of frost days shows the fastest decrease (1.5 days/decade). Increases in the summer days are statistically significant, while a decreasing trend for the diurnal temperature range is not significant. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the changes of temperature indices between 1960–1989 and 1990–2019. Most parts of the YGP underwent significant warning, manifesting that the mountainous regions are relatively sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. The correlation coefficients between the temperature indices and various geographical factors (latitude, longitude, and height) reflect the complexity of regional temperature variability and indicate enhanced sensitivity of extreme temperatures to geographical factors on the YGP. It was also found that extreme temperatures generally had weaker correlations with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, North Pacific Index, Southern Oscillation Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and East Asian Summer Monsoon Index than with the South Asian summer monsoon index, Nino4 indices and Arctic Oscillation, and there were more insignificant correlations. Regional trends of the extreme temperature indices reflect the non-uniform temperature change over the YGP, which is due to the complex interaction between atmospheric circulation patterns and local topography. The results of this study have important practical significance for mitigating the adverse effects of extreme climatic changes, in particular for the YGP with its typical karst geomorphology and fragile ecological environment.

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Section: Definition Of Extreme Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Extreme Temperature Variations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwestern China over the Past 60 Years

et al. 2022

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“…It can be explained by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases and increased aerosols absorbed by nocturnal radiation [44]. It significantly affects the growth of vegetation [45][46][47]. Rising temperatures at night, for example, will increase plant respiration.…”

Section: Variation Characteristics Of Extreme Temperature Indices In Yunnan During 1960-2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variability in Extreme Climate and Potential Driving Factors on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1960–2019

Yan

Cai

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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Global warming is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events around the world. The extreme climate in plateau and mountainous areas is sensitive and fragile. Based on the software Rclimdex 1.0, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of 27 extreme climate indices at 120 meteorological stations were calculated in Yunnan from 1960 to 2019. The results show that the extreme temperature is rising, and the warming rate at night is higher than that in the daytime. It showed a trend of warming and drying, and precipitation was concentrated into more intense bursts. Extreme temperature cold indices (TX10p, TN10p, FD0, ID0, and CSDI) were negatively correlated with extreme precipitation indices (R × 5day, PRCPTOT, R10 mm, R20 mm, and R25 mm). Extreme temperature warmth indices (TX90p and TN90p) were positively correlated with extreme precipitation indices (R × 5day, CWD, PRCPTOT, R10 mm, R20 mm, and R25 mm). The change rate of extreme temperature does not increase linearly with altitude. The increase in middle-altitude and high-altitude areas is higher than that in low-altitude areas. Compared with ENSO and AO, NAO is a vital circulation pattern affecting the extreme climate in Yunnan. The influence of NAO on Yunnan’s extreme climate indices is most significant in the current month and the second month that follows. NAO was negatively correlated with extreme temperature warm indices (TN90p, TX90p, SU25, and TR20). NAO positively correlates with the extreme cold temperature indices (TN10p and TX10p). Except that ENSO has a significant effect on CDD, the effect of the general circulation patterns on the extreme temperature indices was more significant than that on the extreme precipitation indices in Yunnan. The results of this study are helpful to further understand and predict the characteristics of extreme climatic events and the factors affecting their geographical locations and atmospheric circulation patterns in Yunnan.

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“…The Theil-Sen median method [104] is a robust non-parametric trend calculation method, which is not sensitive to measurement error and outlier data [18], and it has been widely used in the trend analysis of hydrologic time series [10,11,31,41,105]. It allows the data to have missing values and does not require the data to conform to a specific probability distribution [13].…”

Section: Theil-sen Median Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased drying linked with higher temperatures and decreased precipitation has contributed to changes in drought [9]. Recent studies have documented that warming trends are expected to continue into the future [10,11]. Given this context, changes in spatial-temporal patterns of precipitation and temperatures are likely to make droughts more recurrent [12].…”

Section: Climate Change Characterized By Global Warming Has Become An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Intensification in Meteorological Drought since the 1950s and Recent Dryness–Wetness Forecasting in China

Yang

Bing

2022

Atmosphere

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Drought is one of the major environmental stressors; drought is increasingly threatening the living environment of mankind. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) with a 12-month timescale was adopted to monitor dry–wet status over China from 1951 to 2021. The modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) and Pettitt tests were used to assess the temporal trend and nonlinear behavior of annual drought variability. The analysis focuses on the spatio-temporal structure of the dry–wet transition and its general connections with climate change processes. In addition, the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was applied to forecast the dry–wet behavior in the next year (2022) at 160 stations, and the hotspot areas for extreme dryness–wetness in China were identified in the near term. The results indicate that the dry–wet climate in China overall exhibits interannual variability characterized by intensified drought. The climate in the Northeast China (NEC), North China (NC), Northwest China (NWC), and Southwest China (SWC) has experienced a significant (p < 0.05) drying trend; however, the dry–wet changes in the East China (EC) and South Central China (SCC) are highly spatially heterogeneous. The significant uptrend in precipitation is mainly concentrated to the west of 100° E; the rising magnitude of precipitation is higher in Eastern China near 30° N, with a changing rate of 20–40 mm/decade. Each of the sub-regions has experienced significant (p < 0.01) warming over the past 71 years. Geographically, the increase in temperature north of 30° N is noticeably higher than that south of 30° N, with trend magnitudes of 0.30–0.50 °C/decade and 0.15–0.30 °C/decade, respectively. The response of the northern part of Eastern China to the warming trend had already emerged as early as the 1980s; these responses were earlier and more intense than those south of 40° N latitude (1990s). The drying trends are statistically significant in the northern and southern regions, bounded by 30° N, with trend magnitudes of −0.30–−0.20/decade and −0.20–−0.10/decade, respectively. The northern and southwestern parts of China have experienced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the drought level since the 1950s, which is closely related to significant warming in recent decades. This study reveals the consistency of the spatial distribution of variations in precipitation and the SPEI along 30° N latitude. A weak uptrend in the SPEI, i.e., an increase in wetness, is shown in Eastern China surrounding 30° N, with a changing rate of 0.003–0.10/decade; this is closely associated with increasing precipitation in the area. Drought forecasting indicates that recent drying areas are located in NWC, the western part of NC, the western part of SWC, and the southern part of SCC. The climate is expected to show wetting characteristics in NEC, the southeastern part of NC, and the eastern part of EC. The dry–wet conditions spanning the area between 30–40° N and 100–110° E exhibit a greater spatial variability. The region between 20–50° N and 80–105° E will continue to face intense challenges from drought in the near future. This study provides compelling evidence for the temporal variability of meteorological drought in different sub-regions of China. The findings may contribute to understanding the spatio-temporal effect of historical climate change on dry–wet variation in the region since the 1950s, particularly in the context of global warming.

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A Comprehensive Study of Spatiotemporal Variations in Temperature Extremes across China during 1960–2018

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Analysis of Extreme Temperature Variations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwestern China over the Past 60 Years

Analysis of Extreme Temperature Variations on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwestern China over the Past 60 Years

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variability in Extreme Climate and Potential Driving Factors on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1960–2019

Evidence for Intensification in Meteorological Drought since the 1950s and Recent Dryness–Wetness Forecasting in China

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