A comprehensive study on the oxidative pyrolysis of epoxy resin from fiber/epoxy composites: Product characteristics and kinetics

Ma, Chuan; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Daniel; Kamo, Tohru

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125329

Cited by 82 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoset polymers (CFRTP) are increasingly replacing traditional metals in aerospace and automotive industries owing to their high strength to weight ratio. − The thermosets are hardly degradable with inherent infusibility and insolubility due to their robust cross-linked networks, − which also unfortunately severely challenge the recycling of post-consumer parts. − CFs recovered by current mechanical, thermal, and chemical methods inevitably suffer loss of tensile strength. Surprisingly, CFs retrieved from widely used epoxy-thermosets using 98% sulfuric acid show improved crystalline structure and enhanced strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxonium Poly(Ionic Liquids) Enabled Thermoset Fluidization and Intact Carbon Fiber Recycling

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), especially N + -based PILs have been extensively studied as multifunctional materials. However, it remains challenging to synthesize O + -based PILs due to the fleeting characteristics of oxonium salts. Here, we describe a general method in obtaining oxonium PILs through post-polymerization treatment of oxy-polymers with concentrated sulfuric acid. The formation of O + -PILs induces dissolution of most oxygen-containing polymers, thus offering a novel strategy to recover carbon fibers (CFs) at ambient conditions from widely used epoxy thermosets characterized by insolubility and infusion. The recovered CFs show improved crystalline structure and enhanced strength than the virgin ones. The discovery of oxonium PIL is expected to significantly extend the research scope of traditional imidazolium-based PIL as oxygen-containing organic chemicals are far more common than nitrogen-containing compounds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxonium Poly(Ionic Liquids) Enabled Thermoset Fluidization and Intact Carbon Fiber Recycling

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…It has been shown [ 26 ] that gaseous fuel in the GFRER flame consists of low-molecular gases, such as methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and others. Therefore, the previously approved [ 21 , 23 , 25 ] kinetic parameters of the gas-phase combustion reaction were applied here: activation energy of

= 90 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor of

1/s.…”

Section: Numerical Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study of Downward Flame Spread over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

et al. 2022

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For the first time, a comprehensive study of downward flame spread over glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRER) slabs in oxidizer flow has been carried out experimentally and numerically. Microthermocouples were used to measure the temperature profiles on the solid fuel’s surface and in the flame, and a video camera was used to measure the rate of flame spread (ROS). The ROS was found to be linearly dependent on the oxygen concentration, to be inversely proportional to the slab thickness and not to depend on the direction of the flame spread over the slab. The absence of the influence of the forced oxidizing flow velocity and the weak influence of the GFRER pyrolysis kinetics on the ROS were observed. For the first time, a numerical model of flame spread over reinforced material with thermal conductivity anisotropy was developed on the basis of a coupled ‘gas–solid’ heat and mass transfer model, using modifications of the OpenFOAM open-source code. The sensitivity analysis of the model showed that the thermal conductivity in the normal direction to the GFRER surface had a much greater effect on the ROS than the thermal conductivity along the direction of flame propagation. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data on the dependences of the ROS on oxygen concentration, slab thickness and the N2/O2 mixture flow velocity, as well as temperature distributions on the fuel surface, the maximum flame temperatures and the flame zone length.

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“…They found that the heating rate affected the activation energy and pre-exponential factor. Besides the pyrolysis under an inert gas atmosphere, biomass oxidative pyrolysis might run without the need for an external heating system. , Sellin et al analyzed the product distribution during oxidative fast pyrolysis of banana leaves in a fluidized-bed reactor. All these experiments promoted the understanding of the biomass pyrolysis process and the effects of operating parameters such as temperature and biomass composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Mechanism of Wheat Straw Based on ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Liu

Jin

2022

ACS Omega

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Biomass has played an increasingly important role in the consumption of energy worldwide because of its renewability and carbon-neutral property. In this work, the pyrolysis mechanism of wheat straw is explored using reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations. A large-scale wheat straw model composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is built. After model validation, the temporal evolutions of the main pyrolysis products under different temperatures are analyzed. As the temperature rises, the gas production increases and the tar yield can decrease after peaking. Relatively high temperatures accelerate the generation rates of the main gas and tar species. CO and CO 2 molecules mainly come from the cleavage of CHO 2 radicals, and numerous H 2 O molecules are generated on account of dehydration. Moreover, the evolution of six functional groups and pyran and phenyl rings as well as three types of bonds is also presented. It is observed that the phenyl rings reflect improved thermostability. Finally, the pyrolytic kinetics analysis is conducted, and the estimated activation energy of wheat straw pyrolysis is found to be 56.19 kJ/mol. All these observations can help deeply understand the pyrolytic mechanism of wheat straw biomass.

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A comprehensive study on the oxidative pyrolysis of epoxy resin from fiber/epoxy composites: Product characteristics and kinetics

Cited by 82 publications

References 38 publications

Oxonium Poly(Ionic Liquids) Enabled Thermoset Fluidization and Intact Carbon Fiber Recycling

Oxonium Poly(Ionic Liquids) Enabled Thermoset Fluidization and Intact Carbon Fiber Recycling

Experimental and Numerical Study of Downward Flame Spread over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

Pyrolysis Mechanism of Wheat Straw Based on ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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