The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceutical pollutants
in the environment
significantly threatens human health and aquatic ecosystems. Conventional
wastewater treatment processes often fall short of effectively removing
these emerging contaminants. Therefore, the development of high-performance
adsorbents is crucial for environmental remediation. This research
utilizes molecular simulation to explore the potential of novel modified
metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in pharmaceutical pollutant
removal, paving the way for the design of efficient wastewater treatment
strategies. Utilizing UIO-66, a robust MOF, as the base material,
we developed UIO-66 functionalized with chitosan (CHI) and oxidized
chitosan (OCHI). These modified MOFs’ physical and chemical
properties were first investigated through various characterization
techniques. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and
Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) were employed to elucidate the adsorption
mechanisms of rosuvastatin (ROSU) and simvastatin (SIMV), two prevalent
pharmaceutical pollutants, onto these nanostructures. MCS calculations
demonstrated a significant enhancement in the adsorption energy by
incorporating CHI and OCHI into UIO-66. This increased ROSU from −14,522
to −16,459 kcal/mol and SIMV from −17,652 to −21,207
kcal/mol. Moreover, MDS reveals ROSU rejection rates in neat UIO-66
to be at 40%, rising to 60 and 70% with CHI and OCHI. Accumulation
rates increase from 4 Å in UIO-66 to 6 and 9 Å in UIO-CHI
and UIO-OCHI. Concentration analysis shows SIMV rejection surges from
50 to 90%, with accumulation rates increasing from 6 to 11 Å
with CHI and OCHI in UIO-66. Functionalizing UIO-66 with CHI and OCHI
significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity and selectivity for
ROSU and SIMV. Abundant hydroxyl and amino groups facilitated strong
interactions, improving performance over that of unmodified UIO-66.
Surface functionalization plays a vital role in customizing the MOFs
for pharmaceutical pollutant removal. These insights guide next-gen
adsorbent development, offering high efficiency and selectivity for
wastewater treatment.