A Comprehensive Study Regarding the Intrauterine Development of Nails

Munteanu, Octavian; Filipoiu, Florin-Mihail; Cîrstoiu, Monica Mihaela; Băloiu, Andra-Ioana; Petrescu, Ioan-Andrei; Bohîlțea, Roxana Elena

doi:10.1080/15476278.2021.1899739

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Normal fingernail growth varies from less than 1.8 mm/month to more than 4.5 mm/month (average = 0.1 mm/d). 31 Toenails grow slower than fingernails, with complete nail growth taking over 6 months for a fingernail compared with 18 months for a toenail, 10 and this pattern of toenail growth being approximately one-third of the speed of fingernail growth continues through adulthood. 31 This suggests that disease that affects the dorsal nail plate would take longer to manifest in toenails than fingernails, and that a short-term effect on nail growth would also be recognizable for a longer period of time in toenails than fingernails.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nail development begins at 7 weeks of gestation, and the nail plate emerges from beneath the nail fold by 12 weeks. 10 By approximately 20 weeks of age, the nail rate of generation is the same as that of an adult. 11 The resulting features of the nail plate are a series of keratin filaments extruded by fibroblasts in a regular but randomly oriented direction, starting at the proximal side of the nail bed and extending distally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Areal roughness of the dorsal nail plate

Beatty,

Li,

Anekwe

2023

International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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Objective: Beau’s lines, onychorrhexis, and psoriatic lesions of the dorsal nail plate may be missed by photographic methods, indicating a need for surface texture measurement methods that are more quantitative, sensitive, and repeatable than visual inspection or imaging. We conducted this study to evaluate the utility of surface texture measurements of cadaveric nails that can be associated with histopathological studies in the future. Materials: The nail plates of four cadaveric right pollices and halluces were cleaned and molded, cast in clear epoxy, and scanned with a Sensofar S Neox optical profilometer. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine statistical significance of findings. Results: Almost no differences were observed between the pollex and hallux scans, and between the distal and proximal regions. The greatest differences were found between individuals. Although lower magnification (5×) is less sensitive than higher magnification (20×), the lower magnification represented and characterized more of the dorsal nail plate. Conclusions: The dorsal nail plate areal roughness has a measurable range of values that may serve as a starting point for evaluating pathological findings, particularly Beau’s lines and psoriatic lesions. The sensitivity of these techniques may be especially valuable in the recognition of less severe states of these diseases that may enable the diagnosis of earlier stages of growth disruptions (Beau’s lines) or psoriasis. Such applications could be especially useful in investigations of the health of wildlife populations or vulnerable human populations with incomplete treatment records.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Areal roughness of the dorsal nail plate

Beatty,

Li,

Anekwe

2023

International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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“…Initially, the plate is covered by the proximal nail fold, but by the 13th week, the plate appears below the proximal nail fold, 5 and it can be seen macroscopically in embryos of that age. 6 By the 20th week of development, the nail plate covers approximately half of the finger, as evidenced in histologic sections of fingers from embryos of that age (Fig. 1B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…By the 32nd week, the nail plate completely covers the back of the finger, 5 and a nail bed can be distinguished below the plate. 6 The proximal nail fold forces the curved growth of the plate, which is believed to be determined by the different rates of growth of the distal and proximal matrix, as will be explained later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Concepts in Nail Pathology

Fernandez-Flores

2023

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Understanding nail pathology is complex for general pathologists and even for those dermatopathologists who do not receive many nail samples in their laboratories. In this article, we attempt to review some of the primary entities in nail pathology with the aid of modern interpretations of nail histology and embryology. We also provide diagrams that can aid in comprehending this field of pathology.

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“…This explains why the phalanges of the hands and feet are named differently (Arsuaga, 2023). Other differences occur during embryonic development, for example, the toenail unit develops about 4 weeks later than the fingernail unit (Munteanu et al, 2021). Second, in adults, toenails grow 60% slower than fingernails (García et al, 2015; Yaemsiri et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound clinical references of the healthy toenail unit

López Ripado,

Villar Rodríguez,

Mingorance Álvarez

et al. 2024

Clinical Anatomy

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The toenail unit, commonly called the nail, is one of the most frequently examined and treated structures in clinical podiatry. Ultrasound is a standard clinical technique because it is a noninvasive, painless, and rapid diagnostic tool. The main objective of this study was to obtain morphometric data of the healthy toenail unit by ultrasound for clinical application. The nails of 76 participants (152 hallux nails; 38 men, 38 women, average age 26.83 ± 12.20) were examined using a VINNO E35 ultrasound system and an X6‐16L linear probe with a frequency of 18 MHz. Five ultrasound measures of the healthy toenail unit were obtained, of which only the distance from the center of the distal phalange to the nail plate varied with age, sex, weight, and foot (p‐values ≤ 0.050). The other four parameters were less influenced by the variables analyzed, except sex, which influenced nearly all (p‐values ≤ 0.050). In one of these variables, indications of significance were observed (p‐values = 0.060), with greater distances in the men than in the women, except for nail plate curvature, which showed a higher value. The other variables studied did not influence the parameters analyzed. High‐frequency ultrasound can be used to examine the healthy toenail unit and define anthropometric reference measurements that can be used for more accurate and comparative diagnosis.

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A Comprehensive Study Regarding the Intrauterine Development of Nails

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Areal roughness of the dorsal nail plate

Areal roughness of the dorsal nail plate

Basic Concepts in Nail Pathology

Ultrasound clinical references of the healthy toenail unit

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