A Comprehensive Survey of 5G mm-Wave Technology Design Challenges

Abstract

Physical layer protection, which protects data confidentiality using information-theoretic methods, has recently attracted a lot of research attention. Using the inherent randomness of the transmission channel to ensure protection in the physical layer is the core concept behind physical layer security. In 5G wireless communication, new challenges have arisen in terms of physical layer security. This paper introduces the most recent survey on various 5G technologies, including millimeter-Wave, massive multi-input multiple outputs, microcells, beamforming, full-duplex technology, etc. The mentioned technologies have been used to solve this technology, such as attenuation, millimeter-Wave penetration, antenna array architecture, security, coverage, scalability, etc. Besides, the author has used descriptions of the techniques/algorithms, goals, problems, and meaningful outcomes, and the results obtained related to this approach were demonstrated.

Millimeter-Wave Smart Antenna Solutions for URLLC in Industry 4.0 and Beyond

“…The development challenges in mmWave antenna beamforming networks are presented in [ 156 ] that need to be addressed in future research. The review of mmWave penetration, coverage, security, scalability, attenuation, and antenna array architecture is presented in [ 157 , 158 ]. In order to make a robust and efficient smart antenna system, the smart antenna systems should entail rigorous RF measurements in real industrial environments.…”

5G: Next Generation Mobile Wireless Technology for A Fast Pacing World

“…2) Super-reliable low latency communications -The super-low latency and fast speed of 5G will guarantee seamless operations of applications such as mission-critical real-time control devices, smart industrial robotics, smart safety systems, autonomous driving, and smart transportation networks. Low latency communications open a new world that enables remote medical surgical operations, procedures, and treatments without physical intervention [4], [9], [10]. 3) Improved mobile broadband communications -5G provides a significantly fast communication speed of up to 1Gbps compared to its 4G predecessor with a peak throughput of 100 -150 Mbps for broadband networks.…”

“…RAN consists of various facilities which include towers, MIMO antennas, small cell masts, dedicated systems that connect multiple users, and wireless devices to the main network. Small cell is a major feature of 5G which uses small cell with the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies [4], [10], [11]. Small cells are distributed in clusters within a shorter distance, which complements the macro cell network that provides wider area coverage.…”

“…Small cells are distributed in clusters within a shorter distance, which complements the macro cell network that provides wider area coverage. The macro cell networks use the Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) [2], [10], [17] antennas with multiple elements to accommodate multiple connections and users at the same time. The benefit of this architecture is that multiple users can connect without compromising the network integrity.…”

Machine Learning for Physical Layer in 5G and beyond Wireless Networks: A Survey

“…Researchers have also discussed the performance of radio channels by varying the RF and by analyzing the impact of propagation factors on 5G architecture, and the results show that if the wavelength is small, it is easy to build the entire structure on a single IC, but it is hard to cope with environmental factors. At low wavelengths, the chances of attenuation, shadowing objects, scattering, reflection, diffraction, and constructive and destructive interference are high because of delay, path loss, and unnecessary noises [227]. At the same time, multi-path propagation creates indirect rays to carry various duplicates of transmission side signals to receiving side signals.…”